caphp
kUj;Jt mwnewp ( Biomedical
Ethics)
1.0.
mwpKfkhf
xt;nthU ehSk; kUj;Jtk; kw;Wk; mwptpay; Jiwfspy; Gjpag;
Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfisf; Nfs;tpAWfpNwhk;. ,itnay;yhk; kdpj tho;tpd; tsHr;rpiaAk;
tho;Tj; juj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijAk; Cf;Ftpg;gjhf cWjp $Wfpd;wd. ,itfis ,d;W khDl
tho;tpd; Nkk;ghl;bw;fhd Gjpa Af;jpfshf jq;fis milahsk; fz;lhYk;> khDl
tho;tpd; ghJfhg;G> kdpj khz;G kw;Wk; kdpj Rfhjhuk; Mfpait njhlHghd gy
Nfs;tpfisAk; fhpridfisAk; mNjNtisapy; vOg;Gfpd;wd. Neha;jPHf;Fk; kUj;Jt fz;Lgpbg;Gfshd NghypNah
nrhl;L kUe;J> ngd;]pypd; jLg;G+rp> ,d;Rypd; vd;w rHf;fiu Neha;f;fhd kUe;J Mfpait kdpj
capUf;Fk; tho;Tf;Fk; ghJfhg;Gk; cj;juthjKk; cWjpiaAk;
mspj;Js;sd.
kdpj kugZr; Nrhjidapy; gy El;gkhdf; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fSk; capH njhopy;El;gq;fSk;
kdpj tho;it tsikahf;fpAs;sd vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf>
mZf;fspypUe;J ntspg;gLk; mZ rf;jpiaf;nfhz;L gaDs;s kpd;rhuk; jahhpf;f KbAk; .
mNj mZ rf;jpiaf; nfhz;L moptpw;Fhpa mZFz;ilAk; jahhpf;fTk; KbAk;. mijg; NghyNt tho;it Nkk;gLj;Jk; kUj;Jt kw;Wk;
caphpay; Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ tho;it ntWk; tpisahl;Lg; nghUshf kdpjiu Nrhjid tpyq;fhfTk;
Ma;Tf; fUtpahf mjhtJ nghUl;fisj; njhopw;rhiyfspy; jahhpj;J tpdpNahfk; nra;tJ
Nghy kdpjiu tpUg;gk; Nghy; gad;gLj;jTk; jahhpf;fTk; KbAk; vd;w fl;lj;ij
vl;bAs;sJ. kdpjiu Nrhjidf; $lq;fspy; cUthf;f KbAk; vd;fpd;w epiy kdpj tho;tpd;
caHitAk; kjpg;igAk; Nfs;tpf;F cs;shf;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. flTspd; xg;gw;w gilg;ghfpa kdpjH ,d;W gy
nraw;if khw;wq;fSf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;w epiyapy; mwptpay; khw;wj;jpd;
jd;ikfisAk;> tpisTfisAk; ,d;W ehk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ.
1.1.
kUj;Jt Nkk;ghL
mwptpay; tsHr;rpapdhy; gy Gjpa caphpnjhopy;El;g
fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; r%fj;jpw;F eyk; gag;gjhf cUntLj;Js;sd vd;gij ehk; kWf;f
KbahJ. tho;tspf;Fk; kUe;JfSk;> Fze;jUk;
topKiwfSk; kw;Wk; rpfpr;irfSk; kdpj tho;tpw;F tug;gpurhjq;fshf mikfpd;wd.
,itfs; xg;gw;w kdpj capiuAk; kw;Wk; tho;itAk; ghJfhf;Fk; fUtpfshf jpfo;fpd;wd. ,itnay;yhk;
kdpj tho;tpw;F gadspf;Fk; capHnjhopy;El;gq;fSf;F jf;fr; rhd;W gfHfpd;wd. kugZ
Muha;r;rp kdpj clypd; ghfq;fSf;Ff; fhuzkhf cs;s kugZr; nray;ghLfisj; Jy;ypakhf
mf;FNtW MzpNtuhf fz;Lgpbj;jpUg;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. kuG rhHe;j Neha;fSf;F fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ ve;j
kugZ vd;gij Fwpg;gpl;L Rl;bf;fhl;lf;$ba msTf;F kugZtpy; Gyik ngw;wjpd; tpisthf
tpUg;gj;jpw;Nfw;wthW kugZf;fis NrHj;J tpUg;gg;gl;l $Wfisf; nfhz;l Foe;ijfis
cUthf;f> jahhpf;f KbAk; vd;fpd;w kugZ njhopw;rhiy Afj;jpy; ehk;
Eioe;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. tpUg;gg;gl;l tbtj;jpy; ghj;jpu gz;lq;fisj;
njhopw;rhiyfspy; jahhpg;gJ Nghy kdpjiuAk; cUthf;f KbAk; vd;fpd;wdH ,d;iwa kugZ
Muha;r;;rpahsHfs;.
ed;whf vOJtjw;fhfj; jPl;lg;gl;l $Hikahd fhfpj ngd;rpiyf;
(vOJNfhs;) nfhz;L ed;whf vOjyhk;. Mdhy; mjpfkhf
$Hikg;gLj;Jk;NghJ mjd; Kid cilfpd;wJ.
mNjg;Nghy; mjpfkhd newpapy;yh tsHr;rp
Mgj;ijf; nfhz;LtUfpd;wJ.
kugZ fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; kdpjiug; ghhf;Fk; NghJ kdpjd; vd;gtd;
ntWk; kugZf;fspd; NfhHit kl;Lky;y@ khwhf md;gpYk; gz;gpYk; ,iwaUspd;
guhkhpg;gpYk; ,aw;ifapd; jdpj;Jtj;jpYk; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpd; NjhoikapYk; cUntLg;gtH
kdpjH vd;gijAk; fzf;fpnyLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
kdpj tho;T vd;why; mJ ntWk; ,jaj;Jbg;Gk; %r;Rf; fhw;W kw;Wk;
cly; MNuhf;fpak; kl;Lky;y. czT> cil kw;Wk; ciwtplk; Nghd;wit kdpjhpd;
mbg;gilj;Njitahf ,Ue;jhYk; kdpjiu kdpjuhf Mf;FtJ kdpj khz;Gk;
kjpg;Gk;jhd;. kdpjiu ntWk; capH nfhz;l clyhff;
fUjp clNyhL capiuj; jf;fitg;gJ kl;Lk; jhd; KjYk; ,WjpAkhd Kf;fpa nrayhf vtUk;
vz;zf;$lhJ.
1.2.
rthy;fs;
kfj;jhd kdpj tho;T clYf;Fk; capUf;Fk; NkyhdJ. jdpj;Jtk;
tha;e;j ,izaw;w ,t;tho;it tsg;gLj;jpAk; khz;G nfhLj;J kfpo;tpj;Jk;
GJg;nghypTld; jpfo itg;gJ kl;LNk cz;ikahd tsHr;rp vd;W fUjyhk;. kdpjiu jahhpf;fg;gLk; xU nghUshfg; ghtpf;Fk;
Nghf;F ed;kjpg;gpw;Fhpa mwptpay; kw;Wk; capH njhopy;El;gtpayhff; fUj ,ayhJ.
vdNt mwptpay; kw;Wk; capH njhopy;El;g tsHr;rpfis Ma;Tf;F cl;gLj;Jk; NghJ ekf;F
gy;NtW mbg;gil Nfs;tpfs; vOfpd;wd.
·
khw;wk; my;yJ tsHr;rpapd; msT Nfhy; vd;why;
vd;d?
·
msTf;F mjpfkhd khw;wk; vd;gij vg;gb tiuaWg;gJ?
·
kugZ tsHr;rpapd; tpisthf xUtH jdf;F vd;d
Foe;ij Ntz;Lk; (Mz;> nghz;)> vj;jifa cauk;> gUkd;> vg;gbg;gl;l
fz;fs;> kw;Wk; Nehapd;wp ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ij Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUg;gg;gl;baiy
cUthf;fp vjpHghHg;gJ epahakhdjh?
·
Mwptpay; kw;Wk; kUj;Jt tsHr;rpia ek; tpUg;gj;jpw;Nfw;g
gad;gLj;JtJ xU Kiwahd nray;ghlhFkh?
·
vJ jFe;j nray; vd;gij ahH vg;gb vijf; nfhz;L
epHzak; nra;tJ?
·
jFe;jJ vdWk;; jfhjJ vd;W vjd; mbg;gilAy;
NtWgLj;jpf; $wKbAk;?
·
kUj;Jtj; JiwapYk; capH
njhopw;El;gj;JiwapYk; kugZ Muha;r;rpYk;
jFe;j nray;ghL vd;gJ vd;d?
·
ve;j msT Neha;;fSf;F rpfpr;ir nra;tJ> ve;j epiytiu kUj;Jt cjtp Njit kw;Wk; vg;NghJ rl;lg;G+Htkhf kUj;Jt cjtpia
epWj;jyhk;?
fUtpypUe;J KjpHe;j taJtiu kdpj tho;T ghJfhf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;. fUtpy; tsUk; rpRTk; kdpj khz;Gilajhff; fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,d;iwa
fUr;rpijT vjpHg;NghH $l;likg;G rpR ghJfhg;gpw;fhf Nghuhb tUfpd;wdH.
tho;T vd;W $Wk; NghJ tho;tpd; njhlf;fk;Kjy; tho;tpd;
,Wjp tiu vy;yhf; fhyfl;lq;fspYk; tho;T
kjpf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. mg;gbahdhy; ngUfptUk; rpRf;nfhiy tpUg;gk; Nghy; tho;it
cUthf;fTk; mopf;fTk; KbAk; vd;w rpe;jidiaAk; mijnahl;ba nray;fSf;Fg;
nghWg;Ngw;fhj epiyiaAk; Rl;bf; fhl;LtJld; cwT kw;Wk; FLk;g tho;tpd; Nkd;ikiaAk;
rpijg;gjhf mikfpd;wJ.
tpUg;gk; Nghy; rpRf; nfhiy nra;tJ Nghy;> jw;nfhiyiaAk;
fUizf;nfhiy vd;fpw rhTg; gz;ghl;ilAk; ,d;W ,t;Tyfk; vjpHnfhz;L tUfpd;wJ. jd;
capiu vLg;gjw;F mjpfhuk; NfhUk; kdpjH Jd;gk; vd;why; ,wg;G jhd; rhpahd jPHT
vd;w kdepiyf;F te;Js;sdH. rhtjw;F chpik Ntz;Lk; vd;W NghuhLNthUf;F eLtpy; tho;tjw;F
topNjLk; kf;fspd; epiy vd;d? ek;gpf;ifia Kw;wpYk; ,oe;jtHfspd; ,t;thiria ehk;
jFe;j MirahfNth chpikahfNth fUj KbahJ. cyfpy; midtUk; ,aw;ifapd; epajpfSf;F
cl;gl;ltHfs;. ,aw;ifahf tUk; tho;T ,aw;ifahfNt kiwa Ntz;Lk;.
,e;j mwnewpf; Nfs;tpfis kUj;Jt mwnewp fhpridahfTk;
rthyhfTk; fUJfpd;wJ. kUj;Jt mwnewpapd; Nehf;fk; vd;gJ capH tho;tJ gw;wpAk;> ,e;j
tho;itg; ghJfhg;gJgw;wpAk; kw;Wk; tho;it tsikahf;FtJ gw;wpAk; Nkw;nfz;l
Nfs;tpfSf;F gjy; NjLtjhFk;. ,f;Nfs;tpfSf;Fr; rhpahd gjpypUg;G jUtJk;> jFe;j
epiyg;ghl;il epHzak; nra;tJk; jtWjyhdtw;wiw jilnra;J xopf;f Kof;fkpLtJk;>
kf;fSf;F tpopg;GzHTk; NjHe;JnjspAk; Mw;wiyj; jUtJNk Kf;fpa gzpahfTk; ,yf;fhfTk;
nfhz;L nray;gLtJ MFk;. cly;eyf; fhpridf;F KjYhpik nfhLf;Fk; ,j;Jiw tho;tpd;
KOikiaf; Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;b fUtiwf;Fk; fy;yiwf;Fk; ,ilapYs;s kdpj tho;tpd; mwnewpf;
Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; rpf;fy;fSf;Fk; jukhd gjpypUg;Gf;fis toq;f Kw;gLfpd;wJ. Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; Gjpa rpe;jidf;F ,l;Lr;
nry;fpd;wd. Gjpa Kaw;rpfs; jPHTfisf;
nfhz;L tUfpd;wd. jPHTfs; vd;W vitfisf;
$wyhk; vd;W kUj;Jt mwnewp rPHJ}f;fpg; ghHf;fpd;wJ. jPHTfshfj; Njhd;Wgitfis
jukhd mwnewpf; Nfs;tpfSf;F cl;gLj;jp njsptpd;wp Gjpuhf ,Ug;gitfis Ma;e;jwpe;J
kdpj tho;tpd; Nkd;ikiaj; jf;fitf;fpd;wJ.
2.0. kUj;Jt mwnewpapd; Njhw;wKk; tsHr;rpAk;
2.1.
Gjpait
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,uz;lhtJ ghjpapid mwptpay; kw;Wk;
kUj;Jtj; Jiwfspy; gy Gjpa njhopy;El;gq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L Gjpa Gjpa topKiwfisAk;
Nghf;FfisAk; cyfpw;F mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l fhyk; vdyhk;. nraw;if fUj;jhpg;G
Af;jpfs; (Invitro Fertilization)> clYWg;G
jhdk;> ,uj;jjhdk;> kpf
Kd;Ndw;wkile;j kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir Kiwfs;> capH jf;f itf;Fk; rpfpr;irfSk;
topKiwfSk; (nraw;if czTf; Foha;) Rthrpdp nraypoe;j rpWePufq;fSf;F ,uj;j
Rj;jpfhpg;G Kiw> thlifj;jha;> ghiy khw;Wk; mWit rpfpr;ir (Sex
Change Surgery)> rpRf;nfhiy> fUiz kuzk;> kugZ
Kd;Ndw;wtopfs; kdpjfU Muhar;;rp Mfpa Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; ek; ftdj;ij
n[Hkdpapy; eh]p Ml;rpapy; kdpjHfis mePjpahff; nfhd;W
Ftpj;J tijnra;jijAk; Nrhjidf; $l tpyq;Ffshf
mtHfisg; gad;gLj;jpaJJk; ehk; kwf;fKbahJ.
,d;Wk; epfOk; kdpj ntbFz;L vd;W jd;id gaq;futhjj;jpw;F ifaspg;gtHfspd;
nray;ghLfis vt;thW [Puzpf;f KbAk;. NghH
vd;w ngahpy; jkpopdj;ijNa nghRf;fpa ,yq;if kdpjg; gLnfhiyia ahuhYk; kWf;f
KbahJ. ,it r%fj;ijg; ghjpg;gitahf
,Ue;jhYk; rhp ry jdpkdpjiug; ghjpg;gjpitahf ,Ue;jhYk; ,J xl;Lnkhj;j khDlj;ijg;
ghjpg;gitNa. jdpkdpjiug; ghjpg;gitahf
fUjg;gl;Lk; nray;fSk; kiwKfkhf r%fj;ijg; ghjpf;fpd;witfNs. Mf kdpjHfspd;
nray;ghLfs; jdp kdpj nray;ghLfshf
,Ue;jhYk; rhp $l;Lr; r%fr; nray;ghlhf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp ,itfs; kdpj FOkj;jpd; kPJ
ghjpg;Gf;fis NeHkiwahfNth vjpH kiwahfNth Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,e;j ghjpg;Gf;fs; vjpHfhy
kdpj FOkj;ij ntFthf ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shf;Ffpd;wJ.
2.2.
caphp kUj;Jt newpKiwfs; (Biomedical
Ethics)
Kjypy; caphp newpKiwfs; vd;w nrhy; Rw;Wr;#oypaypy;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. gpwF Rfhjhu newpKiwfNshLk; caphp kUj;Jt mwptpay;fNshLk;
,ize;Jg; ghHf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,J ,g;NghJ kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; mjpfk; CLUtp mj;Jiwapy;
jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpapUg;gijAk; mjd; gad;ghL mj;Jiwapy; kpfTk;
,d;wpiaikahjnjhd;whf ,Ug;gijAk; fhzyhk;.
kdpjHfisr; Nrhjid tpyq;Ffshf mtHfspd; mDkjpapd;wp
Ruz;lg;gLtJ gw;wpa rHr;irAk; ePjpf;FuYk; vOg;gg;gl;lJ fle;j E}w;whz;by;jhd;. Mf
vt;thnwy;yhk; kUj;Jt mwptpay; jdJ mwpit tsHj;Jf; nfhs;syhk; vd;w Mtiy tiuaWf;f
Ntz;ba epiyAk; cz;lhfpaJ. kdpj tho;T kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk; Mfpatw;iw ghjpf;Fk; fhpridfisf;
fle;j E}w;whz;by; rPHgLj;Jk; epiy cUntLj;jJ. clYWg;G jhdk;> nraw;if
fUj;jhpg;G Kiwfs; (IVF- invitro fertilization>
AS-Artificial
insemination) Nehahspfis ePz;l
ehl;fSf;Fg; gpiof;f itj;jpUf;Fk; fUtpfs; (Ventilator)>
fUizf;nfhiy (Euthanasia-Mercy Killing)>
fUr;rpijT (Abortion)> FUj;jZ Ma;T (Stem
Cell Research)> thlifj;jha; ( Surrogacy)>
gbnaLg;G (cloning) vd;W gy Gjpa Af;jpfis
cyfpw;F mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ kUj;Jtj;Jiw. kdpj khz;G> mwnewp> kUj;Jt newpKiwfs;
kw;Wk; Kw;Nghf;F vd;fpd;w rpf;fyhdr; #o;epiyia mile;Js;s fhyfl;lj;jpy; caphp
kUj;JtmwnewpahdJ mwnewp ,iwapaypy; cl;GFe;J xU jdpj;Jiwahf cUntLj;J tsHe;Js;sJ.
jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;j fhpridfs; ,j;Jiwf;F tpj;jpl;ld vdyhk;.
R%f ed;ikfSk;k; tho;it tsHj;njLf;Fk; topKiwfSk; Cf;Ftpf;fgl
Ntz;Lnkd;gNj ,j;Jiwapd; Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhshf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. kUj;Jtj;Jiwapd;
Kd;Ndw;wq;fshy; clYapH xw;Wik my;yJ xd;wpj;J ,Uf;f topnra;Ak; kUj;JtkhdJ> xU
ed;ikahfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
cly; MNuhf;fpaNk jd;dpNy ed;ikiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. cly;eyk;
kdpj tho;tpd; ,d;wpaikahikiar; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. cly; tsHj;NjNd capH tsHj;NjNd
vd;w jpU%yhpd; thf;F ekf;F epidtpUf;Fk;. thf;F kdpjuhdhH vd;why; ,t;Tyfpy;
clYld; tho;e;jhH> kdpj mDgtk; ngw;whH@ cly; jPaJ my;y. flTs;
clnyLj;jpUf;fpd;whH vd;why; ,t;Tly; kfpik ngw;wpUf;fpd;wJ vd;W fhHy; uhdH $WthH.
clnyd;gJ ,fo;r;rpf;Nfh ntWg;gjw;Nfh cs;s xd;wy;y@ khwhf ekf;F xU jdp milahsj;ij
toq;fp jdpj;Jtj;ij nfhLf;fpd;wJ. Nehahspfs; kw;Wk; Jd;gg;gLNthUld; fUizNahL
cld;gazpf;f ehk; miof;fg;gLfpd;Nwhk;.
2.3.
nfhs;if
,d;W caphp kUj;Jt newpKiwfs; ehd;F mbg;gil Kd;Dhpikfis
ekf;F Kd; itf;fpd;wd.
1.
jPik nra;ahjpUg;gJ (Non
Maleficience)
2.
Nehahspapd; eyidg; ghJfhg;gJ (Beneficence)
3.
Nehahspapd; Ra tpUg;gj;ij kjpg;gJ (Autonomy)
4.
ePjpAk; NeHikAk; ghJfhf;fg;gLtJ (Justice)
1961-Mk; Mz;L jpUr;rigapd; epiyg;ghlhf ntspaplg;gl;l
md;idAk; MrphpaUk; vd;w Rw;Wklypy; jpUj;je;ij 23-Mk; Nahthd; caphp kUj;Jt
mwnewp gw;wp $Wk;NghJ “tho;tpd; J}a;ik”
ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W mwpTWj;JfpwhH.
2.4.
nraw;if fUj;jhpg;G Af;jpfs;
kfg;NgW (Foe;ij ghf;fpak;) ,y;yhNjhUf;F xU ew;nra;jpahf
$wg;gLk; nraw;iff; fUj;jhpg;G Kiwfs; gy. ghYwtpw;F ntspapy; tpe;jZ nrYj;jg;gLtJ
xUKiw> Nrhjidf; Foha;ia %yk; fUj;jhpg;G nra;tJ kw;Wk; gbkk; nra;Ak; Kiw vd;W
gytif cz;L. nraw;if fUj;jhpg;G Kiwfs; cahpa njhopy;El;g $Wfisf; nfhz;lit.
2.4.1.
nraw;ifahf tpe;jZ nrYj;Jk;Kiw
,k;Kiwapy; tpe;jpw;F nrhe;jf;fhuH fztuhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;
my;yJ kw;w ve;j eguhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. fzthplkpUe;J vLf;fg;gLk; tpe;jZitg;
gad;gLtj;JtJ nrhe;j nraw;if fUj;jhpg;G (Homologous)
KiwahfTk; Ntw;W eghpd; tpe;jZf;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ mJ khw;W nraw;if fUj;jhpg;G
(Heterologous artificial
insemination) KiwahfTk;.
MzplkpUe;J Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l tpe;jZf;fis ,ae;jpuq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jp ngz;zpd; clYf;Fs; fUj;jhpf;f nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thW fUj;jhpf;f
itf;fg;gLk; Kiwfs; ,d;W ,aw;ifahf fUTw KbahjtHfSf;F mjpfnrytpy; nra;J
jug;gLfpd;wJ. ,JNt xU nghpa tzpfkhfTk; khwpAs;sJ. Foe;ijg;NgW ,y;yhjtHfis
,fo;thff; fUJk; gz;ghl;Lr; #oypy; vg;gbahtJ Foe;ijg;NgW mila Ntz;Lk; vd;W gy
Foe;ijapy;yhj; jk;gjpapdH ,k;KiwfSf;F jq;fisf; ifaspf;fpd;wdH.
tpe;jZ tq;fpfs; ,d;W gy ehLfspy; nray;glj; Jtq;fptpl;ld.
jpUkzj;jpw;Fs;shf> fztH kidtpapilapyhd cwTg; gpizg;gpdhy; Foe;ij cUthFk; ,aw;if
epiyapypUe;J Nrhjidf; $lq;fspy; kdpj capH cUthf;fg;gLfpd;w nraw;if epiyapy;
Foe;ij mZf;fspd; NfhHitapy; kl;Lk; tUgitahf juk; jho;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
,jpYk; Foe;ijapd; ghiy (Gender) epHzak;
nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; tpe;jZ tbfl;bfs; (sperm filters)
cs;sd. ,it ghiy epHzak; nra;af;$ba X
kw;Wk; Y epUTU
(Chromosome)
jdpj;jdpahfg; gphpj;J Mz;Foe;ijNah my;yJ ngz;Foe;ijNah cUthjtjw;F Fwpg;gpl;l
tifapy; topnra;fpd;wd. Mf> Foe;ijfis ,iwtdpd; nfhilahff; fUjp FLk;gq;fspy;
vjpHghHg;Gf;fNshL tuNtw;fg;gl;L Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l epiy khwp ,d;W fspkz;zpy;
tpUg;gk; Nghy; tbtikf;fg;gLk; nghk;ikfs; Nghy; Foe;ijr; nry;tq;fs; khwpAs;s
mtyepiy kUj;Jt Kd;Ndw;w Kiwfspdhy;jhd; vd;gij ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
,dg;ngUf;f Af;jpfisg;gw;wp jpUr;rig jdJ fj;Njhypf;f
jpUr;rigapd; kiwf;fy;tpapy; (Catechism of the Catholic Church)
njspthf ghlk; Gfl;Lfpd;wJ. jpUr;rig mwnewpg;ghHitapy; ,dg;ngUf;f Af;jpfis
jhk;gj;jpa cwTf;F gjpyhf ntW ve;j xU
Af;jpfisAk; mq;fPfhpg;gjpy;iy. ,aw;ifahd jhk;gj;jpa cwtpy; tpisAk; kfg;NgW
kl;LNk Nghw;Wjw;FhpajhfTk; kw;w Jizepw;Fk; khw;W Af;jpfis nraw;if vd;Wk;
Vw;fKbahjnjhd;whfTk; jdJ epiyg;ghl;il mwptpf;fpd;wJ. ,it fztd; kidtpapd; jpUkz
xUikiaf; Fiyg;gjhfTk; ,f;fhuzj;jhy; %d;whk; eghpd; FWf;fPL> ,ae;jpuq;fs;
topahftk;> etPd topKiwfs; topahfTk;> NtW eghpd; tpe;jZ> Kl;il
topahfTk; kw;Wk; thlifj;jhapd; fUtiw topahfTk; kfg;NgW miltJ jpUkzj;jpd;
xUikj;jd;ik ghjpf;fg;gLtjhy; ,j;jifa nraw;if kfg;NgW Af;jpfis jpUr;rig mbg;gil
mwnewpf;F KuzhdJ vd;W $Wfpd;wJ. (Catechism of the Catholic
Church 2374 - 2378)
2.4.2.
thlifj;jha;
tPL> epyk;> rkay; ghj;jpuq;fs;> ehw;fhypfs;>
xyp-xspf; fUtpfs; kw;Wk; ge;jy; Mfpatw;iw thliff;F vLj;jpUffp;Nwhk;@ thliff;F
tpl;Lk; ,Uf;fpNwhk;. ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; fUtiwiaf; $l thliff;F vLf;Fk; Gjpa
,dg;ngUf;f Af;jpfis ehk; re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. rpy Fiwg;ghLfspdhy; fUTw
,ayhg; ngz;fs; jq;fspd; Kl;ilfis jq;fspd; fzthpd; tpe;jZf;fSld; nraw;ifahd
Kiwapy; Nrhjidf;Fohapy; fUj;jhpf;fr; nra;J mf;fUit kw;wnwhU ngz;zpd; fUtiwapy;
Cd;wr; nra;J mf;fU mg;ngz;zpd; fUtiwapy; tsHe;J> Foe;ijahf fhyk;
epiwTw;wTld; gpwf;fpd;wJ. ,f;Foe;ijapd; kugZ ngw;NwhH ,f;Foe;ijiaj; jpUg;gpg;
ngWfpd;wd. Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; tiu jdJ fUtiwapy; Ngzpg; ghJfhj;J tsHj;j ngz; jdJ fUtiwf;F
thlifahf xU njhifiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;whH.
,j;jifa fUtiw thlifj; njhopypy; kypthd
njhifapy; ntspehl;ltH ek; ehl;Lg; ngz;fsplk; fUtiwia thliff;F vLj;J Foe;ijiag;
ngw;Wr; nry;fpd;wdH.
gj;Jkhjk; fUit Rkf;Fk; jhapd; jd;ikiag; Gdpjkhff; fUJk;
ek; gz;ghl;by; Foe;ijiaf; fUthf khw;whH fUtiwapy; tsutpLk; ,g;Gjpa kfg;NgW
Af;jpahdJ jha;ik> fztd; kidtp cwT> ngw;NwhH vd;w epiyf;F nghUs;
nfhLg;gjhf mikatpy;iy.
fUitr; Rkg;gts; jha; kw;Wk; capH nfhLg;gts; jha; vd;w
jha;khHfspd; ,yf;fzk; ,g;NghJ gpioahfj;
Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.
khDl tho;it cUthf;FtJ ,ae;jpuq;fSk; njhopy;El;gq;fSkh
my;yJ md;Gk;> mwKk; kw;Wk; cwTk; ,ize;J gz;gpYk>; kdpj khz;gpYk; kw;Wk;
kjpg;gpYk; ,izAk; ngw;NwhHfsh vd;W ekf;F Nfs;tpfs; vOk;Gfpd;wd.
capHf; nfhs;sp Neha;fs; kdpj tho;it mr;RWj;Jk;NghJ kdpj
capiu gytopfspy; cUthf;fKbAk; vd;fpd;wd ,g;Gjpa ,dg;ngUf;f Af;jpfs;. tho;T
vd;gJ ,iwtdhy; toq;fg;gLk; xg;gw;w nfhil. kdpj Kaw;rpfshy; cUthf;fg;gLtjy;y.
2.5.
gbnaLg;G / efypahf;fk; - (Cloning)
Mzpd; tpe;jZTk; ngz;zpd; Kl;ilAk; ,izAk;NghJ fUtiwapy; ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpd;
Kjy; Eff;fyk; (Zygote) cz;lhfpd;wJ.
Eff;fyk; tpe;jpypUe;J tUk; kugZf;fSk; (50%) Kl;ilapypUe;J
tUk; kugZf;fSk; (50%) ,ize;J xU KO capHfyj;jpw;Fhpa
(Living
Somatic Cell) (100%) kugZ epiyia
milfpd;wJ. (tpe;jpypUe;J 23 kugZf;fSk;
ngz;Kl;ilapypUe;J 23 kugZf;fSk;> Mf nkhj;jk; 46 KO kugZf;NfhHit).
rhjhuzkhf fUTUthFk; NghJ ,t;thW cUthd Eff;fyk; xU fy (Cell)
epiyapypUe;J gy fy epiyf;F Kd;Ndw;wk; milAk;NghJ mjpYs;s kugZf;fSk; Kw;wpYk;
xj;j ,ay;GilajhfNt ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,t;thW tsUk; rpRtpd; kugZepiy Fwpg;ngLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
gbnaLg;G Kiwapy; ,dg;ngUf;f mZf;fshd tpe;jZitg; gad;gLj;jhky;> eff;fyj;jpd;
fUit (Nucleus)
ePf;fp> kugZ ePf;fg;gl;l ,f;fyj;jpDs; clypd; NtW gFjpapypUe;J (Somatic
Cell)
ngwg;gl;l capHfynkhd;wpd; kugZ nfhz;l fUit (Nucleus)
Eff;fyjpDs; itj;J fUtiwapy; rpRthf tsu itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
Mz;> ngz; ,Uthpd; kugZ ,y;yhky; fhypahf;fg;gl;l Eff;fyj;jpy;
itf;fg;gl;l cly;fyj;jpd; capH fUtpd; kugZNt ,q;F gbaLf;fg;gl;L mjpypUe;J
cUthFk; midj;J capHf;fyq;fSk; me;j kugZitj; jhq;fpajhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. ,jdhy;
nfhLf;fg;gl;l cly;fyj;jpd; chpikahshpd; efypahfNt cUntLf;Fk; Foe;ij mikAk;.
kugZf;fis efypahf;fk; nra;tjhy; chpikahsUk; tsUk; rpRTk; xj;J ,Uf;Fk;. fhfpj
efy; vLf;fg;gLtJ Nghy ,ij xg;gpl;Lf;$wyhk;.
ey;y gad;jUk; jhtu tiffis ,k;Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jpajhy;
mjpf kf#Yf;fhf gbnaLg;G nra;J tptrhaj; Jiwapy; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijAk; nghUshjhuj;jpy;
tsHr;rpiaAk; fhzKbAk;. ,ijg;Nghy tpyq;fpdq;fisAk; Fwpg;ghf Kw;Wk; mopAk;
jUthapYs;s (endangered species) tpyq;fpdq;fisAk;
cw;gj;jpnra;a KbAk;. Mdhy; kdpjiu ,k;Kiwapy; cUthf;FtJ kdpjhpd; khz;igAk;
jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; Fiyg;gjhf mikfpd;wJ. kdpj capH jdJ kjpg;ig ,of;fpd;wJ. jpUr;rig
,jw;F vjpHg;Gjj; njhptpj;J ,ijf;fz;ldk; nra;Js;sJ. kdpjhpd; Nkd;ikiaAk>;
jdpr;rpwg;igAk; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifahd ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpd; xUikiaAk; rpijg;gjhf jpUr;rig
jdJ epiyg;ghl;il njspthfj; njhptpf;fpd;wJ. “,t;thW
clYwtpd;wp nraw;ifahf cUthf;fg;gLk; kughHe;j xj;j efypfs; mbg;gilapy; xU
tpfhukhdr; nranyd;Wk;> cwTf;F vjpuhd rl;ltpNuhjkhd nranyd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
NkYk; kdpj gd;ikj;jd;ik Fwpg;ghf kdpj ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F Njhw;wKk; mbg;gilahf
cs;s caphpay; kw;wk; jdpg;gl;l ghpkhzq;fs; xJf;fg;gLtjhf”
jpUr;rig jdJ VLfspy; $Wfpd;wJ. (Pontifical Academy for
life, Reflections on cloning, Vatican , 1997) .
kdpj md;G FiwtjhfTk;> Gjpa capUf;Ff; kjpg;G
FiwtjhfTk; kW;Wk; kdpj ,dg;ngUf;fk; gz;lkakhfptpLtjhfTk; jpUr;rig efypahf;fk;
Fwpj;J $Wfpd;wJ. fztH kidtp cwtpypUe;J cjpf;Fk; Gjpa tho;T ngw;w Foe;ij cwtpw;F
milahskhfTk; kdpj re;jjpapd; ek;gpf;ifahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j epiyf;F
ciyitf;Fk; ,fo;r;rpf;Fhpa kdpj fz;Lgpbg;ghf ,J ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,aw;ifahd mbg;gil
,dg;ngUf;f Kiwf;F Kuzhf ,Uf;Fk; gbanLg;G Kiw kuG hPjpapyhd kdpj ,dj;jpw;F
Vw;gLk; ,aw;if tsHr;rpf;F jilahf mikfpd;wJ. ,aw;ifapd; epajpfSk;> Nghf;FfSk;
kw;Wk; rl;lq;fSk; kdpjhpd; ,j;jifa nraw;ifKiwfspdhy; gpd;Df;Fj; js;sg;gl;L
,aw;if mjd; ,jkhd gzpfis ,aw;w Kbahj epiy cUthfpAs;sJ.
2.6.
FUj;jZ Ma;T (Stem
Cell Research)
kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;ghf ,d;W Nghw;wg;gl;L FUj;jZ
Ma;T gy rthyhd Neha;fisAk; cly; epiyfisAk; rPH nra;J Fzg;gLj;jty;yjhf thf;FWjp
nfhLf;fpd;wJ. ,Jtiu Fzkhf;f KbahJ vd;W $wg;gl;l eLf;Fthjk;> Gw;WNeha;>
tpgj;jpdhy; Nrjikile;j eLKJFj; jz;Ltlk;> euk;G kz;lyj;jpy; Vw;gLk;
rhpnra;ag;glKbahj Nrjq;fs;> gOjile;j Kf;fpa cWg;Gf;fshd ,jak;> EiuaPuy;>
fzak;> rpWePufq;fs;> mopAk; KisaZf;fs>; nraypoe;j
cs;SUg;Gfs; kw;Wk; ,opT ePH Neha; vd gy Neha;fis FUj;jZf;fisf; nfhz;L Fzg;gLj;jyhk;
vd;fpwJ kUj;Jtj;Jiw.
fUtZ XH mZthf ,Uf;Fk; epiyapypUe;J tsHr;rpaile;J 100 Kjy;
150 mZf;fshf 4 my;yJ 5 ehl;fspy; tsUk; NghJ mij ,sk; fUtsH gUtkhff; (Blastocyst)
Fwpg;gpLtH. ,t;tZf;fNs Kis FUj;jZf;fshf (Embryonic stem cells)
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;tZf;fs; KOj;jpwKilajhfTk; (Totipotent) gd;ikj;jpwKilajhfTk;
,Uf;fpd;wd (Pluripotent). KOj;jpwk; vd;why; mJ xU
KO eguhf cUthff;$ba jpwk;. gd;ikj;jpwk; vd;why; mJ gy;NtW cWg;Gf;fshf
cUntLf;Fk; gd;ikj; jd;ikAs;sjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. mjhtJ ve;j cWg;G rhp nra;ag;gl
Ntz;LNkh me;j cWg;gpy; ,f;FUj;jZf;fs; itf;fg;gLk; NghJ mit me;j cWg;gpw;Fhpa fykhf R+oYf;Nfw;g
cUntLj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wJ.
,e;j FUj;jZf;fs; fUKisajpy; ,Ug;git (Embryonic
Stem Cell) vd;Wk; tsHe;j kdpjHfspd; vYk;G kr;ir> #y;tpj;jfk; (Placenta)>
njhg;Gs;nfhb kw;Wk; gy cWg;Gfspy; fyg;gphpT Mfpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; tsHe;j
FUj;jZf;fs; (Adult stem cells) MFk;. ,e;j tsHe;j
FUj;jZf;fs; ve;j cWg;gpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lNjh me;j cWg;Gf;Fhpa mZthfNt khw
KbAk;.
Kisf; FUj;J mZf;fs; Nghy; gd;ikj;jd;ikAilajy;y.
Kisf;FUj;jZf;fs; ve;j ve;j cWg;gpy; itf;fg;gLfpwNjh mJ me;je;j cWg;gpd; mZthf
khWk; rf;jptha;e;jJ.
Ma;Tf;$lq;fspy; nraw;ifahf Nrhjidf; Foha;fspy; tpe;jZitAk;
Kl;iliaAk; ,izj;J fUthf;fp capuZ tsHg;G Kiwg;gb ,e;j FUj;jZf;fs; tshf;fg;gl;L
rpfpr;irf;fhfTk; Ma;Tf;fhfTk; mWtil nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j Kiwapy; cUthf;fg;gLk;
fUf;fs; Njitg;glhjNghJ rpijf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
jpUr;rig Kisf;FUj;jZ Ma;Tf;Fk; fz;ldk; njhptpj;J
tUfpd;wJ. “kdpj fU mjd; Kjy; epiyapypUe;Nj kjpf;fg;gl;Lk;
mjd; chpikfNshL ghJf;fhf;fg;glTk; Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> kdpj capH cUthd
jUzj;jpypUe;J epge;jidaw;w kjpg;igAk; cj;jputhjj;ijAk; jpUr;rig njhlHe;J NfhUfpd;wJ.
mNjhL mjd; KOikiaAk; cly;-Md;k xUikiaAk; mwnewpg; ghHitNahL mZfp kdpj khz;NghL
fUit vjpH nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;wJ. (The Gospel of Life, 60)
Kisf;FUj;jZ Muha;r;rp kdpj khz;Gf;F vjpuhd nray;
Vndd;why; Gjpa kdpjf; fUit mjd; mDkjpapd;wp mjd; Nky; Ma;T elj;JtJk; NkYk; me;j
Ma;Tf;F mf;fUit gypahf;FtJ kdpj Neakw;w nrayhfj; jpUr;rig $Wfpd;wJ. tpisTfs;
ed;ikahf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W nrhy;yp mij jtwhd topfspy; milaKbahJ vd;Wk; jpUr;rig
$Wfpd;wJ. (Declaration on the Production and the Scientific and
therapeutic use of Human Embryonic stem cells).
Mdhy; jpUr;rig tsHe;j FUj;jZ Ma;Tf;Fk; kUj;Jt KiwfSf;Fk;
vjpHg;Gj; njhptpf;ftpy;iy. ,jpy; fUTUthf;fk; ,y;yhjjhy; ,it kdpj capiu
kjpg;gjhfTk;> kdpj cly; eyDf;F VJthf ,Ug;gjhfTk; kw;Wk; kdpjj; jd;ikAila
nrayhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W jpUr;rig $Wfpd;wJ. (Pontifical Academy for
life, Declaration on the Production and the Scientific therapeutic use of Human
Embryonic Stem Cells.)
2.7.
fUr;rpijT
fUtiwapy; tsUk; rpRit kUj;Jt Kiwfisf; nfhz;L rpijg;gJ NeH
capHf;nfhiy vd;W jpUj;je;ij ,uz;lhk; Nahthd; gTy; jdJ “tho;tpd;
ew;nra;jp” (The Gospel of life)
vd;w Rw;W klypy; $WfpwhH. kdpj tho;T fUTUthd Kjy; nehbg;nghOjpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk; (The Gospel of Life, 58)
vd;fpwhH. fUr;rpijT vd;gJ mg;ghtp kdpj capiu mopf;Fk; ePjpaw;w nray; vd;Wk;
Gjpajhf cUntLf;Fk; capiu mopj;jy; jfhj nray; (The Gospel of Life,
13)
vd;Wk; jpUr;rig $Wfpd;wJ. mwnewpg;ghHitapy; jpUr;rig fUr;rpijit KOikahf vjpHf;fpd;wJ.
,ij Kd;dpl;L jpUr;rig kzkhfhj fHg;gpzpfSf;F milf;fy
,y;yq;fisg; ghpe;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. jhapd; capiuf; fhf;ftk;> FLk;geyid Kd;dpl;Lk;
kw;Wk; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijapd; #oiyf; fzf;fpy; nfhz;Lk; fUr;rpijT Nkw;nfhs;Nthhpd;
Nehf;fk; mikfpd;wJ. ,itaidj;ijAk; rPHJ}f;fpg; ghHf;Fk; jpUr;rig fUr;rpijit xU
rhpahd gjpypUg;ghf fUJtjpy;iy. (The Gospel of Life, 58)
fUr;rpijT xUGwk; ,Uf;f ngz; rpRit tpUk;ghNjhH rpRf;nfhiy
nra;tJ Kw;wpYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sKbahj XH mePjpahd> rl;ltpNuhjkhd kw;Wk;
kdpjNeakw;w nray;.
jpUr;rig fUj;jil Af;jpfis Kd;itg;gjpy;iy. ,aw;ifahd
FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghl;il nghWg;Gs;s ngw;Nwhhpd; flikahf ghpe;Jiu nra;fpd;wJ.
nraw;ifahf Nrhjidf;$lq;fspy;
tpe;jz kw;wk; Kl;iliaf; nfhz;L fU cUthf;fg;gl;L mit -192° nry;rpa]py; ciwa itf;fg;gLfpd;wdH (Cryopreservation). ,it NjitahdNghJ ciw epiyapypUe;J khw;wp
NrhjidfSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w. ,j;jifa fU ciw njhopw;El;gj;ij jpUr;rig
fz;ldk; nra;Js;sJ. kdpj capH mJ fUthf ,Ue;jhYk; mjw;F kdpjUf;Fhpa kjpg;igAk;
khz;igAk; ju Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwJ.
2.8. fUr; Nrhjid
(gpwf;Fk; Kd; fUr;Nrhjid Prenatal
Diagnosis)
kUj;Jtj;Jiwapd; tsHr;rpahy;
Foe;ij gpwg;gjw;F Kd;Ng mf;Foe;ijapd; epiyia mwpa kUj;Jt NrhjidKiwfs; (Pre-natal
diagnosis) te;Js;sd. ,jdhy;
gpwf;fapUf;Fk; rpR> Mzh ngz;zh? Mjw;F FiwghNlDk; ,Uf;fpd;wjh? kugZrhHe;j
Neha; my;yJ FiwghLfs; cs;sdth? rhpahd tsHr;rpAs;sjh? Ngd;witfis mwpa top
nra;fpd;wJ. ,J FiwghLs;s Foe;ijfisAk; ngw;NwhH tpUk;ghj ghyhf ,Ue;jhYk; mitfis
fUr;rpijT nra;tjd; %yk; jq;fspd; thhpR ngw;Nwhhpd; vjpHghHg;Gf;fis epiwT nra;ah
epiyapy; mtw;iw gpwf;ftplhky; jLf;f top nra;fpd;wJ. ,t;thW kUj;Jt fz;Lgpbg;ghf
,Uf;Fk; rpR ghpNrhjid rpRtpd; tho;tpw;F mr;RWj;jf;$banjhd;whfTk; mikfpd;wJ.
ek;kplk; FiwghLs;s kdpjHfs; Ntz;lhk; vd;W nrhy;YNthH FiwghLfSs;s rpRf;fisf;
nfhy;tjw;F Kidfpd;wd.
khw;Wj;jpwzhspfs; gyiu ehk;
fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. FiwghLfSld; gpwe;J thoj;Jbf;Fk; ,tHfSf;F cjthky; ,tHfs;
cjpf;fhky; jilnra;a epidf;Fk; kUj;Jt kughHe;j Kiwfs; kdpjNeakw;witfNs.
2.9. ghy; khw;Wk; mWitr;rpfpr;ir ( Sex Change Surgery)
ghy; khw;Wk; mWitr;rpfpr;ir
xUtH Mzpd;W ngz;zhfTk; ngz;zpd;W MzhfTk; Njhw;wj;jstpy; khw topnra;fpd;wJ. jhd;
jtwhd ghypy; milgl;Lf; fplg;gjhf czUNthH jq;fspd; ghiy khw;w ,g;gbnahU mWit
rpfpr;iria Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH. ntspNjhw;w mstpy; khw;wk; fz;lhYk; xUthpd; ghy;
mWit rpfpr;irapdhy; khWtJ fpilahJ. xUtH jd;id Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky; jd; ghiy khw;w
epidg;NghH ,iwtdpd; nfhilahf toq;fg;gl;l gpwg;gpdhy; khw;wKbahj ,aw;ifapd; epajpahf
cUntLj;j kuGf;NfhHit njhFg;ig ve;j mWit rpfpr;irahYk; kw;Wk; rpwg;G moNfw;Wk; (Cosmetic
Surgeries) mWit rpfpr;irahYk; khw;w
,ayhJ. ,tHfSf;F rpwe;j ey;yhNahrid toq;fp ,tHfspd; Kd;GhpjiyAk; kw;Wk;
Vw;fhkdg;ghd;ikiaAk; ePf;f Md;kPf fye;Jiuahly;fSk; kw;Wk; csey rpfpr;irAk;
kpfTk; cjTk;.
2.10.
fUizf; nfhiy (Euthanasia)
tho;it xUGwk; vg;gbAk; ePl;bf;fKw;gLtJk; kWGwk;
kjpf;fhky; myl;rpak; nra;tJk; vd ,uz;L NtWgl;l vjpH Kidfisf; fhd;fpd;Nwhk;.
xUtiu midj;J trjpfisAk; gad;gLj;jp ntWkNd gpisj;jpUf;fr;nra;tJ ,d;iwar; #oypy;
jf;f xd;whf fUJtjw;fpy;iy. mNj rkaj;jpy; kdpj capiu myl;rpak; nra;ahky; Njitahd
kUj;Jt cjtpngw;W ghJfhg;gJ ek; midthpd; flikNa.
rhjhuzkhd Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp xUtH capH thoyhk;. mrhjhuzkhd
Kiwfis mtrpak; gad;gLj;jp capH %r;Rf;fhw;iw jf;f itj;J tho;it ePl;bg;gJ
ghpe;Jiuf;fgLtjpy;iy. xUtH jdJ kdpj tho;tpd; ,ayhikaf;fz;L> mij Vw;Wf;nfhz;L
rhjhuzKiwfis kl;Lk; gad;gLj;jp capiu jf;f itg;gNjh my;yJ ,wg;ig vjpHnfhs;tNjh
ghtky;y. ,j;jifa ,wg;G fUizf; nfhiyahfNth my;yJ jw;nfhiyahfNth fUjg;glhJ.
tho;itj; jf;fitf;f mrhjhuz Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;JtJ mtrpakhd xd;wy;y (Declaration
on Euthanasia, 2004).
khwhf jhdhfNt tpUk;gp my;yJ kUj;Jthpd; cjtpNahL my;yJ
cw;whH cwtpdhpd; cjtpNahL Jd;gj;jpypUe;J tpLtpf;f Vw;Fk; kuzk; fUizf; nfhiyahf
fUjg;gLfpd;wJ (The Gospel of Life, 65).
kUe;J mjpfkhff; nfhLf;fg;gl;L my;yJ myl;rpakhf kUe;J nfhLf;fhky; Nehahspapd;
,wg;ig Jhpjg;gLj;JtJ kdpj capUf;F nfhLf;fg;gLk; jhf;FjyhFk;. ,itfisAk; fUizf;
nfhiyahf tifg;gLj;jyhk;.
ve;j Nehf;fj;jpy; ,tw;iw nra;jhYk; mJ kdpj capUf;F
,iof;fg;gLk; ghjfkhfNt mikAk; (CCC 2277 – Catechism
of the Catholic Church). mjpf kUe;J nfhLjJ mjd;tpisthf Nehahsp
,wg;gJk;> kUe;J nfhLf;fg;glhky; Nehahsp ,wg;gJk;> typiag; nghWf;f Kbahky;
,wg;ig tpUk;gpf; Nfl;Fk; Nehahspapd; tpUg;gj;jpd; Nghpy; er;R kUe;Njh my;yJ
tpiutpy; ,wf;f itf;Fk; Crp kw;Wk; ,urhadf; fyitfisg; gad;gLj;jtJk; kw;Wk;
Ntjidg; gLnthhpd; Ntjidia kw;wtH rfpf;fKbahky; fUizf;nfhiy Af;jpfis gad;gLj;jp ,wg;ig
Jhpjg;gLj;JNthhpd; nray;ghLk; xU nfhiyr; nraNyahFk;. cly; NtjidapypUe;J jg;g
rhT topay;y. Ntjidia Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tho;itr; re;jpf;f kdj;jplKk; cstypikAk;
Njit. jhdhf Kd;te;J capiu Nghf;fpf;nfhs;Nth> capiunaLf;fr; nrhy;ypNah
tpUk;gk; njhptpg;NghUf;Fj; jFe;j MWjYk; fhpridAk; nfhLg;gJ rhyr;rpwe;jJ. cly;
Ntjidapdpd;W tpLgl ,wg;igj; Jhpjg;gLj;JtJ kdpj tho;it kypthff; fUjf;$ba epiyf;F
,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wJ.
2.11.
Ragyp (Self
Immolation)
jkpofj;jpy; Kj;Jf;Fkudpd; capHj;jpahfKk; nrq;nfhbapd;
capHj;jpahfKk; ,yq;ifapy; epfoe;j ,dg;gLnfhiyf;F vjpHg;Gj; njhptpg;gjhf
mike;jd. ghfp];jhdpd; /igry;ghj; kiwkhtl;l fj;Njhypf;f; MaH fpwpj;jtHfs;
,iwgopg;G rl;lj;jpdhy; mtJ}whf mePjpf;F cs;shtijf; fz;bj;J jd;id ePjpkd;w
tshfj;jpy; Jg;ghf;fpahy; Rl;Lf;nfhz;L vjpHg;Gj; njhptpj;jhH. ,ijg;NghyNt Gj;jj;
Jwtpfs; jpngj;jpy; jq;fis vhpj;Jf;nfhz;L rPd muRf;F vjpuhf vjpHg;Gf;Fuy;
nfhLf;fpd;wdH.
rhFk; tiu cz;zhtpujk; ,Ue;J gyH ePjpf;fhfTk; mePjpia vjpHj;Jk;
NghuhLtij ehk; md;whlKk; Nfs;tpAWfpNwhk;. ePjpf;fhff; Fuy; nfhLj;J capiu
kha;j;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. ,e;j Jbg;Gkpf;f jd;dykw;w r%ff;fhpridAilatHfs;
jq;fspd; capiu xU nghUl;lhff; fUjhky; gpwhpd; tho;T rpwf;f xU ey;y
Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf vLf;Fk; ,e;j tpghPj KbT mwnewpg;ghHitapy; gy Nfs;tpfis
vOg;gpAs;sJ. ,tHfspd; jpahf kdg;ghd;ikiaf; Fiw$Wtjw;fy;y khwhf ,tHfspd; capiu
,tHfs; vLg;gjw;F ahH mDkjp nfhLj;jJ. ,iwtdhy; gilf;fg;gl;L> tho;T vd;Dk;
xg;gw;w nfhiliag; ngw;w midtUk; ,t;tho;itAk; kw;wthpd; tho;itAk; fhf;fTk;
kjpf;fTk; flikg;gl;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. ve;jnthU rkaKk; xUthpd; capiu gypahff;
nfhLf;f miog;gjpy;iy.
2.12.
rhTg; gz;ghlhf
jw;nfhiyg;gilapy; jd;idAk; nfhd;Wtpl;L kw;wtiuAk; nfhy;Yk;
ehr Ntiyapy; ePjpf;fhfg; NghuhbdhYk;
rhp> ,tHfspd; ,e;j ,opr;nray; kdpjhgpkhdkw;wNj. kuzjz;lidia xopf;ff; Fuy;
vOg;gg;gLk; ,f;fhyf; fl;lj;jpy; mg;ghtp kf;fspd; capiuj; jw;nfhiyg;gil kw;Wk; kdpj
ntbFz;lhf mopf;Fk; jPtputhjr;nray; kpfTk; nfhLik tha;e;jNj. ,ij Ragypahff;
fUjKbahJ. RagypNa ,q;F fz;ldk; nra;ag;gLk;NghJ jd;idAk; kw;witiuAk; nfhy;Yk;
ntwpr;nraiy kdpjr; nrayhfNt ghhf;fKbahJ.
mNjg;Nghy; fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; rpRtpd; ghiywpe;J jdf;F
tpUg;gkpy;yhj ghyhf ,Uf;FNkahdhy; mij fUtpNyNa rpijf;Fk; Nghf;fpdhy; rpR
ghywpAk; Nrhjidfs; ,d;W ,e;jpahtpy; jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ,ijg;NghyNt
fUr;rpijTk; jilnra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,ufrpakhf fUr;rpijT kUj;Jtkidfs; ,aq;fp
fUr;rpijTf;F mjpfkhd gzkPl;b tUtJ xU rl;ltpNuhjkhd nraNy. Foe;ij xU cilikay;y@
chpikahf;fTk;> cjwp vwpaTk;> cz;lhf;fTk; rpR xU nghUsy;y. khwhf kdpj
tho;tpd; njhlHr;rpNa.
,ijg;NghyNt mrhjhuz Kiwfisf; nfhz;L capiu vg;gbAk;
fhg;ghw;wptplyhk; vd;w ngha;ahd thf;FWjpfisf; nfhLj;J ngUk; kUj;Jtikfs; ,d;W
kUj;Jt Nritia gfy; nfhs;is tzpfkhf elj;jp tUfpd;wd.; Nehahspapd; FLk;gj;ij
ngUk; kUj;Jt nrytpdhy; nghUshjhuj;jpy; eypTwr;nra;Jk; rpfpr;ir gydpd;wp Nehahsp
,we;jgpd;> me;Nehahspapd; FLk;gk; nra;j gadw;w nrytpdhy; eLj;jnjUtpw;F
te;Js;sij ,d;W ehk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. Nehahspapd; FLk;gk; jhq;fs; md;G nra;j
egiuAk; ,of;fpd;wJ. tPz; nryT nra;jjhy; jq;fspd; clikfisAk;>
tho;thjhuq;fisAk; gwpnfhLf;fpd;wdH. rpyH jq;fspd; cilikfs; midj;ijANk ,e;j kpjkpQ;rpa
kUj;Jt nrytpy; ,oe;J tpopg;gpJq;fp epw;fpd;wd.
ngha;ahd ek;gpf;ifiaf; nfhLj;J kf;fis rpyrkaq;fspy; Vkhw;wTk;>
mtHfspd; ,e;j Nrhfkhd Neuj;jpy; cjtpf;fuk; nfhLf;fhky; Ruz;lKw;gLk; kUj;JtHfs; cz;ikapy;
kUj;JtHfNs my;y khwhf capH tzpfHfs;. ,g;gbg;gl;ltHfshy; kUj;Jtj;Jiwapd; Nkd;ik
kq;fpAs;sJ. kUj;JtHfis kl;Lk; Fw;wk; rhl;lKbahJ. epyutj;ijg; Ghpe;J
nfhs;shky;> ghrk; fz;zilj;J “vd;d nrythdhYk; guthapy;iy
,tiuf; vg;gbahtJ fhg;ghw;Wq;fs;” vd;W cz;ikahd
fhpridapd;Nghpy; kf;fs; kpjkpQ;rpa mrhjhuz kUj;Jt rpfpr;irfis kf;fs;
tpUk;Gfpd;wdH. ,r;#oiy jq;fSf;Fr; rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;fpd;wdH Nky; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ Nghd;w kUj;JtH vd;Dk;
mwnewpaw;w capH jufHfs;.
jdpkdpjhpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpdhy; ,t;thwhf cz;lhFk; r%fr;
rpf;fy;fis vt;thW rhp nra;tJ? Ra tpUg;gj;jpw;Fk;> cwthHe;jikFkpilNa ( Relationality)
jf;f rkepiy ,Uf;fpwjh?
jdpeghpd; tpUg;gj;jwpFk; nghJeyDf;FkpilNa jf;f rkepiy
,Uf;fpwjh?
Jaug;gLNthUf;F ehk; vt;thW Njhoikiaf; fhl;LfpNwhk;?
fhpridAs;s ghpT rpwe;j gjpypWg;ghf mikAkh?
tWik> mePjp> r%fj; jPikfs;> kdpj FLk;gj;ij
mr;RWj;Jk; gy;NtW ,lHghLfs;> ,aw;ifr; rPw;wq;fs;> kdpjf; FWf;fPLfshy;
Vw;gLk; Rw;W#oy; ghjpg;Gfs;> kdpjHfisg; gpsT gLj;Jk; gy;NtW Vw;wj;jho;Tfs;
kw;Wk; fhyj;jpdhy;> #oypdhy; Vw;gLk; efHTfs;> Gjpajhfj; Njhd;Wk;
Neha;fs;> capHnfhy;ypAk; ,Jtiu kUe;J fz;Lgpbf;fg;glhj HIV
NehAk;
ek;gpf;ifapy;yhj gytifg; Gw;W Neha;fSk;> kugZ rhHe;j Fzkhf;f KbahJ vd;Wf;
$wg;gLk; guk;giu Neha;fSk; Fzkhf;f rpwpa tha;g;Gs;s Neha;fSk; kw;Wk; gy
#oy;fSk; #o;epiyfSk; kw;Wk; #oikTfSk; kdpj tho;tpd; Xl;lj;ij mr;RWj;Jk;NghJ>
,itfisf; fisa Kw;glhky; etPd Mlk;gu kw;Wk; tf;fpukhf mrhuhuz Kuz;ghLs;s Kiwfis
Vd; eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;L tu Ntz;Lk;?
rhjhuz ,aw;ifahd ,ay;ghd tho;f;ifg; Nghf;Ffs; mYj;J
rspj;Jg;NghfpwJ. Mifahy; khw;wk; vd;W vijAk; nra;ayhk; vd;w kdepiyAk;>
khw;wk; vd;w ngahpy; ,ay;Gf;F khwhf ,Ug;gitfis eilKiwapy; epidf;Fk; kw;Wk;
nra;aKw;gLk; rpe;jidahsHfSk; khw;j;ijr; rPHJ}f;fpg; ghHf;fhky; kdpjj;ij
tsHj;njLf;Fk; Kiwikfisg; Nghw;wpg; ghJfhf;f kdj; njspTk; mwnewpj; njspTk; kpfj;
Njit.
2.13.Mgj;Jf;fs;
caphpnjhopy; El;gtpay; mNdf rhjidfisAk; rthYf;Fhpa
rpf;fy;fis Kwpabf;f Kd;Ndw;wg; Nghf;FfisAk; jdf;Fhpajhf;fpf; nfhz;lJ vd;W
$Wk;NghJ ,d;Dk; rthy;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gij ehk; fzf;fpy; nfhs;s
Ntz;bapUf;fpd;wJ. caphpnjhopy;El;gtpay; capHfhf;Fk; kUe;JfisAk;> jLg;G
kUe;JfisAk;> ts&f;fpfisAk; jhhpf;fpd;wJ. mijg; NghyNt caphp MAjq;fis (Biological
Weapons)
jahhpf;f ,e;j caphpnjhopy;El;tpaypd; Kiwfis gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. gads;sitahfj;
Njhd;Wk; ,e;jj;Jiw Mgj;Jf;fisAk; cUthf;fty;yJ. ,jdhy; ,t;Tyfj;jpw;Fk; mjpy;
caphptho;tpdq;fs; midj;jpw;FNk xU gaq;fu mr;RWj;jyhf ,j;njhopy;El;gk; mika
tha;g;Gs;sJ.
2.13.1.kughHe;j
tpjp (Genetic
Determinism)
kdpj kugZfs; xt;nthd;iwAk; mjd; nray;ghLfisAk;
fz;Lgpbj;Jg; gl;baypl;Lf;fhl;l Kw;gl;lJ kdpj kugZ Ma;Tj;jpl;lk; (Human
Genome Project) ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;:
·
kdpj kugZf;fis KOikahf gl;batpLtJ.
·
xt;nthU kugZtpd; nray;ghLfis fz;lwptJ.
,j;jpl;lk; RkhH 50>000 kdpj kugZf;fisg; gl;baypl;L
fhl;baJ. kdpjj; Njhw;wk;> cly;eyk;> tsHr;rp> mwpTj;jpwd;>
clyikg;G> Neha;fs;> Fzhjprpaq;fs; vd;W gy kdpj tho;Tf;Fhpa nray;ghLfSf;Fk;>
efHTfSf;Fk; Fwpg;gpl;l kugZf;fNs fhuzk; vd;W $Wfpd;wJ. kpfj; Js;spakhd
,f;fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fspdhy; kdpj nray;ghLfs; kw;Wk; kdpj cly; kw;Wk; mwpthw;wy;
kugZf;fspdhy; tUgit vd;Dk; rpe;jid NkNyhq;fpapg;gijf; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. ,r;rpe;jid
NkYk; tsHr;rpaile;J kdpjH kugZf;fspd; tpisT kl;Lk; jhd; vd;Dk; Nghf;F
cUntLf;fpd;wJ. ,jdhy; kdpjH jd; nray;ghLfSf;f NghWg;Ngw;fhky; vd; “kugZtpjp”>
,jdhy; jhd; ehd; ,t;thW ,Uf;fpNwd;> ,t;thW nray;gLfpNwd;@ vd;idr; nrhy;yp
Fw;wkpy;iy> vd; kugZf;fNs midj;jpw;Fk; fhuzk; vd;W nry;Yk; epiyAk;
cUntLfpd;wJ.
nra;Ak; rl;ltpNuhjkhd nray;fSf;Fk; Fw;wq;fSf;Fk;
kugZf;fisf; fhuzk; fhl;Lk; epiyahy; kdpr; nray;ghLfSf;Fg; nghWg;Ngw;fh epiyapy;
kdpjr;#o;epiyfspd; FWf;fPLfs;> kdpj tsHr;rpapd; efHTfs;> khw;wq;fSf;fhd
rhj;jpaf; $Wfs;> ,iwtdpd; FWf;fPLfs;> mUspd; nray;ghLfs;> kdpj
Kaw;rpfspd; ntspg;gLfs;> ek;gpf;if> kdpj ed;ik> jPikiaj; jtpHf;Fk;
Nghf;Ffs; MfpaitfSf;F ,lkpuy;yhky; NghFk; epiy cUthfpd;wJ. kugZ Kd;Fwpg;G
tpjpahy; xUtH ,g;gbj;jhd; vd;W Kj;jpiuFj;jptpLk; epiyahy; xUtH khw;wk; milaNth
my;yJ Kd;Ndw;wk; ngwNth rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; kw;Wk; tsHr;rpaila tha;g;GfSf;F
,lkpy;yhky; Nghfpd;wJ. kugZf;fspd; nray;ghLfs; tpag;Gf;Fhpait. Mdhy; kdpjr;
nray;ghLfs; khw;wj;jpw;F cl;gl;lit. kugZf;fs; flTshfNth my;yJ vy;yhKkhfNth ehk;
nfhs;s KbahJ. #oy;> kdpj Kaw;rp> ,iwaUs;> khw;wj;jpw;fhd vOr;rp
Mfpaitfshy; xUtH xNu khjphpahf ,Uf;f ,aq;f rpe;jpf;fr; nray;gl
jPHg;gplg;gl;ltHfsy;y. kugZf;fs; kdpjiu Kd;Fwpj;J itj;J rpiwgLj;jp jPHgpl;L
tpLtjpy;iy.
khwhf xt;nthU kdpjUf;Fk; kugZf;fs; jdpj;Jtj;ijf;
nfhLj;jhYk; ,itfs; kdpjiu Klf;FtJ fpilahJ.
ek;gpf;ifAk;> tplhKaw;rpAk; kdpj tho;tpd; kugZf;fNs.
,iwaUSk;> #oYk; kdpj tho;tpd; Mjhuq;fNs. kugZf;fs; fspkz; vd;why; Fathpd;
iffs; cUnfhLj;J> gf;Ftg;gLj;jpg; ghJf;fhf;Fk; kw;w Kaw;rpfisg; Nghd;wJ.
kugZf;fspd; nray;ghLfspdhNyNa gy Neha;fSk;>
gof;ftof;fq;fSk; kw;Wk; Fzhjparpaq;fSk; cs;sd vd;Wk;> ,e;j kugZ
jPHkhdfukhdtw;why; ,tw;iwf; Fzg;gLj;j> rhpnra;a ,ayhJ vd;fpd;wdH mwptpay;
Jiw ty;YdHfs;.
mg;gahf FbNehiaAk; kughHe;j Neha;fspnyhd;whf
itifg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH rpyH. kugZf;fspy; NfhshW cs;sitfis khw;wpaikf;f ,aYk; vd;W
nrhy;YNthUf;F ,JTk; rthYf;Fhpa xU nraNy. fhy;eilfspy; ,d;Nkk;ghl;baYf;fhd (Eugenics
-
,dNkk;ghl;bay;) nray;Kiwfis> mjhtJ
ey;y tif kw;Wk; mjpfg;gyd; jUk; ,dq;fis mjpfkhf ngUfr;nra;J vspjpy; NehAWk;
tiffisk;> gpbj;jkpy;yhj kwWk; gyd; juhjitfisAk; mwNt xopf;fTk;jhd;
,j;Jiwapd; #j;jpukhf mikfpd;wJ. ,ij kdpjUf;Fk; gad;gLj;jp rpwe;j
Gj;jpf;$Hik> cly;eyk;> cly;nghypT kw;Wk; tpUk;gj;jf;f
nray;ghLfisAilatHfis thotpLtJk;> mjpf kfg;NgWfs; ngwr; nrhy;yp
Cf;Ftpg;gJk;> jPa nraypy;
kdpjHfis fhy;eil kw;Wk; jhtu tiffNshL xg;gplKbahJ.
kdpjhpd; jdpj;Jtk; kdpj khz;gpd; rpwg;Gj; jd;ikiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. kdpjH
kugZf;fspd; tpisT kl;Lky;y@ kdpjH ,e;j kugZ tpjpfisj;jhz;b Md;kPfk;>
tho;tpay;> nka;apay;> cstpay;> tuyhW> #oiktpay; vd gyj;Jiwfs;
kdpjiu ntWk; gpuhzp epiyapypUe;J NkNyhq;fr; nra;fpdwd. vy;yhtw;Fk; Nkyhf kdpjH
,iwrhaypy; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ kdpjiu caHj;jpg; gpbf;fpd;wJ (njhlf;fE}y; 1:26>
27).
3.0. khDl tho;tpd; ,ay;G
khDl tho;tpd; ,aw;ifahd ,ay;Gfisg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s ekf;F
jplkhd kdk; Njit. ,aw;iff;F kPwp ehk; vJTk; nra;aKbahJ vd;w gf;Ftk; ekf;Fj;
Njit. ,aw;ifia kPwp ekjhw;wiy nrytpLk; NghJ mq;F Vkhw;wKk; ,ayhikAk;jhd;
NkNyhq;fpapUf;Fk;. ,iwtd; nfhLj;j tho;T vd;Dk; nfhilia ghJfhf;fTk;>
kjpf;fTk; kw;Wk; ed;ikahff; fUjTk; ehk; miof;fg;gLfpNwhk;. ,t;Tyf tho;Nt midj;Jk;
vd;fpd;w vgpf;$hpaH kw;Wk; rhuthf;fh nka;apay; rpe;jidapy; %o;fpg;Nghfhky; kWTyf tho;T ,Ug;gij ehk; ek; kiwek;gpf;ifapd;
topahf epidTgLj;jpf;nfhs;tJ mtrpakhdNj.
3.1.
ey tho;T
cly; ekf;F mtrpak;. cly; eykhf ,Uf;fTk; eykhf thoTk; ek;khy;
Md gy;NtW Kaw;rpfis ehk; nra;fpNwhk;. cly; eyNd midj;Jkhf fUJtJ jtW. cly; eyd;
kw;Wk; kdpj tho;itg; ghjpf;Fk; midj;Jf; $WfisAk; fzf;fpy; nfhs;tJ mtrpak;.
tpUg;gk; Nghy; kdpj tho;titg; gad;gLj;JtJ jf;f nrayhfhJ.
mbg;gilapy; kdpj tho;tpid vt;tpj mr;RWj;jy;fSk; ,y;yhky; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,aw;ifahf ,aq;Fk; ,dg;ngUf;fk;; gpwg;G kw;Wk ,wg;G MfpaitfNshL fhzg;gLk; kdpj
kw;Wk; nraw;iff; FWf;fPLfs; fzf;fpnyLf;fNtz;Lk;@ kdpjk; ,e;j Af;jpfspd; topahd mwnewp
Ma;Tf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;L fhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
3.1.1.
cly; eyk; gw;wpa ghHit
ek; gpwg;G Kjy; ,wg;G tiu ek; clYld; gazpf;dpd;Nwhk;.
ehk; ek; cliy itj;Nj jhd; milahsk; fhzg;gLfpNwhk;. ehk; ,Ug;gJk; ,aq;FtJk;
njhlHG nfhs;tJk; ,e;j clypdhNy jhd;. cly;eyNk vy;yh nry;tq;fisAk; tpl NkyhdJ. “Nehaw;w
tho;Nt Fiwtw;w nry;tk;” vd;W ek; jkpo; gz;ghl;by;
njhpe;jpUf;fpNwhk;.
“RtH ,Ue;jhy;jhd; rpj;jpuk; tiua KbAk;.”
cly;eykhf ,Ue;jhy; jhd; Ntiy nra;a KbAk;. cly;eyk; kw;w midj;J kdpj epiyfSf;Fk;
nray;ghLfSf;Fk; mbg;gilAk; MzpNtUkhfTk; mikfpd;wJ.
“cliy tsHj;NjNd capH tsHj;NjNd”
vd;W jpU%yH cliy capNuhL xg;gpl;Lf; $WfpwhH. cly;eyidf;fhf;f jkpo; kz;zpy;
rpj;jHfs; rpj;j itj;jpa Kiwfisf; fz;Lgpbj;J mtw;wpd; topahf Neha;fis Fzkhf;fp
MNuhf;fpakhf tho toptFj;jdH. rpj;j kUj;Jt Kiwfs; ,d;Dk; gy Neha;fis Fzkhf;fpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.
Neha;ehb Neha; Kjy; ehb mJ jdpf;Fk; tha;ehb tha;g;gr;
nray; vd;W jpUts;StH Neha;f;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Ug;gtw;wpw;Fr; rpfpr;ir mspj;jhy;
Neha; FzkhFk; vd;W mbgilf; fhuzj;ij ftdpf;fr; nrhy;fpwhH.
mwk; nra;a tpUk;G vd;W $Wk; Mj;jpr;#b mwj;ij
Kd;itf;fpd;wJ.
tha;ik> fw;G> cz;ik> rhd;whz;ik MfpatfSk;
Nghw;Wjw;Fhpa gz;ghf jkpoH gz;ghl;by; ehk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.
mhpJ> mhpJ khdpluha;g; gpwj;jyhpJ –
vd;Wk; cdkpd;wp gpwj;jy; kpf mUsilaJ vd;Wk; xsitahH $WfpwhH.
xUtH epk;kjpahf tho cly;eyk; kpf ,d;wpaikahjJ.
nghUspUe;Jk; clyeyk; ,y;iyNay; mg;nghUshy; vd;d gad;. cly;eykhf ,Ue;jhy; jhd;
kfpo;r;rpAld; tho KbAk;.
jplkhd clypy; jhd; jplkhd kdJk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;fpd;wJ xU
,yj;jpd; gonkhop.
,f;fhyr;#oypy; NehAw;NwhH Fzk; ngw gy
kUj;JtkidfisAk;> kUj;JtKiwfisAk;> gyjug;gl;l rpf;r;ir KiwfisAk; Njb ehb
fly; fle;Jk; nry;fpd;wdH. cly; eyDf;Fk; MNuhf;fpakhd tho;Tf;Fk; ,d;W kTR
mjpfkhfp tpl;ld. cly; eyKk; ePz;l MASk; ,iwtdpd; nfhilAk; MrpUk; vd;W
jpUtptpypak; $Wfpd;wJ.
cly; eykhf ,Uf;f kUj;Jt kw;Wk; Rfhjhuj;Jiwapy;
kUe;JfisAk; fz;Lgpbj;Jf; nfhz;LAs;sJ. ,Ug;gpDk; HIV vd;dk; capHnfhy;yp Neha;f;Fk;> gytif Gw;W
Neha;f;Fk; ,d;Dk; Fzg;gLj;Jk; kUj;Jt KiwfSk; rpfpr;irfSk;> kUe;JfSk;
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,d;iwa
fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; gytif Ntjpg;nghUl;fis tptrhaj;Jiwapy; gad;gLj;Jtjhy; mjpf
er;Rj;jd;ikAk;> gf;f tpisTfSk;> gpd;tpisTfSk; Vw;gl;L kdpjUila cz;Zk;
czNt kUe;J vd;Dk; rpj;jhe;jk; kiwe;J czNt eQ;R vd;fpd;w epiyapy; tho;fpNwhk;.
GJg;GJ Neha;fs;> GJg;GJ fhuzq;fs; kUj;Jtj;Jiwia
rpf;fSf;Fs;shf;fpAs;sJ. kUj;Jtkidfs; ngUfpf; fplf;fpd;wd. kUj;JtHfspd;
vz;zpf;ifAk; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. Nehia Fzkhf;fp kf;fSf;F MNuhf;fpa ey;tho;it toq;f
kUj;Jtj;Jiw Kide;J tUfpwJ. ,j;jifa Gjpag;Gjpa rthy;fshy; kUj;Jtj;Jiw
tsHe;Js;sJ, NkYk; tsHe;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. Nritkdg;ghd;ik Xq;fpapUe;j fhyk; khwp
tzpf kdg;Nghf;F cUntLj;jpUg;gJ xU tUj;jj;jpw;Fhpa nra;jp. Nehahspfisf;
fhpridAld; elj;jp> Fzk; fpilf;f ghLgLk; jd;dykw;w njhz;L kdg;ghd;ikAk;
NritAs;sKk; cs;s kUj;JtHfs; ,d;W mjpfg;Nghpy;iy. gzKk;> RaeyKk;>
jhz;ltk;khLk; kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; Nehahspapd; eyd; kWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ@ Nehahspapd;
eyk; fhf;fg;glhky; gzKk;> tzpfKk; ,j;Jiwia xU ,yhgj; njhopyhfTk;>
kdpjNeakw;w fplq;fhfTk; khw;wpAs;sJ.
kUj;JtHfSk;> kUj;JtkidfSk>; kUe;Jf;filfSk;>
Nghl;b Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L tpsk;guk; nra;J kf;fSila tho;Thpikfis tpiy NgRfpd;wdH.
kf;fspd; epiyiaf; fz;L kf;fSf;F mjpfg; gydspf;f muR kUj;Jtkidfshy; ,ayh epiy.
jdpahH kUj;Jtkidfs; ,yhgj;ij kl;Lk; jq;fspd; Fwpf;Nfhyhf Kd;itf;fpd;wdH.
,jw;fpilapy; Nghyp kUj;JtHfs; kw;Wk; Nghyp kUe;Jfs;> ,d;Dk; vhpfpd;w jPapy;
vz;nzia Cw;WtJ Nghy; Mfpd;wd.
fd;dpaKk;> NeHikAk; nropj;Njhq;fpapUf;f Ntz;ba
kUj;JtHfs; ngha;nrhy;yp Nehahspfis Vkhw;wp> gzj;ijg; gwpj;J>
cly;eyj;ijAk; nfLj;J NehAk;jPuhky;> gzj;ijAk; tho;thjhuq;fs; midj;ijAk;
,oe;J jtpf;Fk; mg;ghtp kf;fspd; epiyapy; kUj;Jtj;Jiwapd; ,d;iwaj; Njitfs; vd;d?
-
Nrit kdg;ghd;ikAs;s kUj;JtHfs;
-
trjp gLj;jg;gl;l muR kUj;Jtkidfs;
-
khtl;l jiyik kUj;Jtkidfs;
-
Nehahspfisg; ghJfhf;fk; fhg;gPl;Lj;
jpl;lq;fs;
-
Nehahspapd; eyidf; fhf;Fk; Kiwfs;
-
rhpahd kUe;Jfs;
-
Nehiaf; fz;Lgpbf;Fk; Ma;Tf; $lq;fs;
-
vspjpy; rpfpr;ir ngwf; $ba fpuhk
kUj;Jtkidfs;
-
tpopg;GzHTf; fy;tp jug;glNtz;Lk;.
-
kf;fs; eyj;jpl;lq;fs;
-
kUj;Jt trjpfs;> rpfpr;ir Kiwfs;>
rhpahd vz;zpifapy; kUj;JtHfs;.
-
kUj;Jtf; nfhs;ifapy; rPHjpUj;jk;
-
kUj;Jt Jiwapy; juFf;F ,lkpy;yhky; kf;fspd;
Nkk;ghl;bw;fhf ciof;Fk; kUj;JtHfs;> kUj;Jtkidfs;> kUe;jfq;fs; kw;Wk;
ghpNrhjidf;$lq;fs; tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;.
-
Clfq;fs; topahf kf;fSf;F eytho;T gw;wpa
nra;jpfis njhptpf;f topnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
-
mwptpay; kw;Wk; kUj;Jtj;Jiwfspy; Gjpa
Af;jpfisg; gw;wpAk; mtw;wpd; ed;ik jPikfs; gw;wpAk; kf;fSf;F mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;
-
ntspg;gilahd Kiwfis kUj;JtHfs; ifahs
Ntz;Lk;.
-
kf;fspd; capiuf; fhf;f Ntz;ba ,j;Jiw
kf;fspd; MNuhf;fpakhd tho;it Fwpf;Nfhyhf itj;J kdpj ed;ikiaAk; Nkk;ghl;ilAk;
mwnewpg;ghHitNahL ,izj;J ghHj;J> njspTld; ,tw;iw kdpjk; thog; gad;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;.
3.2.
jha;ikAk; Foe;ijAk;
Foe;ijg; NgW Ntz;b Nfhapy; Nfhapyhf Vwp ,uq;Fk;
jk;gjpfis ehk; gHf;fpNwhk;. mNj rkaj;jpy; Njitaw;w fU vd;W nrhy;yp fUr;rpijT
Nkw;nfhs;NthiuAk; ehk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. kfg;NgW kUj;Jtkidfs; vd;W nrhy;yp gzk;
gwpf;Fk; fUj;jhpg;G ikaq;fis ehk; Nfs;tpAWfpNwhk;. Foe;ij gpwf;f itf;fTk;>
Foe;ij gpwf;fhky; jLf;fTk; gy Af;jfis rKjhaj;jpy; rpwg;ghf kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy;
fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. ngz;rpRf; nfhiy> tWikahy; Foe;ijfs; tpw;fg;gLjy;> ghypay;
njhopYf;F Foe;ijfisf; flj;JtJ> Foe;ijj; njhopyhsHfs;> Foe;ijfspdlk;
ghypay; KiwNfL> Foe;ijfSf;F Cl;lr;rj;jpd;ik (Malnutrition) >
gbf;Fk; trjpapd;ik> Rfhjhukpd;ik> Foe;ijfs; kPJ td;Kiw> gzk; Nfl;L
Foe;ijfs; flj;jg;gl;L nfhiy nra;ag;gLjy;> flj;jg;gl;l Foe;ijfspd; cWg;G
fsthlg;gLjy;> fy;tpj;Jiwapy; Foe;ijfSf;F Vw;gLk; mePjp> ngw;NwhHfshy;
Vw;gLk; ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyfs;> mbikfshfTk;> nfhj;jbikfshfTk; ,tHfs;
js;sg;gLjy; Mfpa mePjp #oikTfs; ek; rKjhaq;fspy; epytp tUfpd;wdH. ,e;epiyapy;
fUj;rpijit chpikahf;f rl;lk; Nfhhp Nghuhl;lk;> Xhpdj;jk;gjpapdH Foe;ijiaj;
jj;njLf;f chpikNfhhp Nghuhl;lk; vd;W nrhy;yp NghuhLNthH xUGwk;. kzkhfj jha;fs;
vd;W nrhy;ypAk;> ,tHfSf;Ff; fhg;gfk; kw;Wk; Mjutpd;wp tplg;gl;l Foe;ijfSf;F
fhg;gfq;fSk; ,d;W ,aq;fp tUtij ehk; gy rkaq;fspy; Nfs;tpAWfpNwhk;
fz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;.
Foe;ijfs; cyfpd; vjpHfhyk;. ,itfis nghWg;Gld; Vw;w
tsHf;f ngw;NwhH kw;Wk; rKjhak; KOtJNk flikg;gl;lLs;sJ. nraw;ifahf Foe;ijfis
cUthf;FtJk;> mitfis mopg;gJk; rhTf;Fhpa gz;ghL vd;W $wyhk;. Foe;ijr; nry;tk;
flTspd; nfhilahff; fUjg;gLfpd;w jkpoH gz;ghl;by;> Foe;ij nry;tj;ijg; gw;wp
gy ,yf;fpaq;fs; ekf;f mwpTWj;Jk; nra;jp Gjpjy;y. jpUtptpypaj;jpYk; Foe;ij Ntz;b
rhuhs;> md;dhs;> vyprngj; MfpNahH ,iwtdplk; Ntz;baijf; fhzyhk; (njhE}y;
18> 1rhK 2> Y}f;fh 11)
Foe;ijapy;yhky; Jd;gg;gLk; kf;fspilNa Foe;ijia
epuhfhpg;gJ tho;Tf;Fhpa ghijay;y. fUj;jil Af;jpfs; rpw;wpd;gj;ij ikag;gLj;jp
nghWg;gpd;ikia tsHj;njLf;fpd;wJ. jpUr;rig $Wk; “nghWg;Gs;s
ngw;NwhHjd;ik” (Responsible Parenthood)
,aw;ifahdf; FLk;gf; fl;Lg;gbw;F miog;GtpLj;J Foe;ijfis flTspd; nfhilfshf
Vw;fTk;> tsHf;fTk; mwpTUj;Jfpd;wJ. kfg;NgW kdpj Mw;wyhYk; tpUg;gj;jpyhYk;
mwptpay; Af;jpfshYk; kl;Lk; fpilf;fpd;wJ vd;gJ jtW. md;Gk;> mwKk; ,iwaUSk;
,ize;Jjhd; Foe;ij ,t;Tyfpy; gpwf;fpd;wJ.
fUr;rpijthy; 5000 gf;ftpisTfs; tUtjhff; fz;L
gpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf tho;Thpik (prolife)
,af;fq;fs; njhptpf;fpd;wdH. kdf;fl;Lg;ghLk;> rPhpa newpAk;> kdpjNeaKk;
tho;ThpikAs;s rpe;jidfSf;Fk; nray;fSf;Fk; ,l;Lr;nry;Yk;.
ghuNthd; kd;dDk; vfpg;jpy; vgpNuaHfspd; Foe;ijfisf;
nfhz;W Ftpj;jhd;. VNuhJ kd;dd; md;W ngj;yn`k;kpy; Mz;Foe;ijfisf; nfhd;W
Ftpj;jhd;. md;W NkhNrAk;> ,NaRtk; nfhy;yg;gl;bUe;jhy; tpLjiyg;gazKk;>
kPl;Gk; fpilj;jpUf;fhJ. ,NaRtpd; Foe;ijg;gUtk; ekf;F tpLf;Fk; miog;G ,Jjhd;
“Foe;ijfSf;F tho chpikAz;L”
xt;nthU Foe;ijAk; xU nra;jpia ,t;Tyfpw;Ff; nfhz;L
tUfpd;wJ vd;Wk;> ,iwtd; ,t;Tyif njhlHe;J md;G nra;fpwhH vd;gNj mr;nra;jp
vd;W ,ugpe;juehj; j$H $WthH.
3.3.
tho;Tg; gz;ghL
tho;Tg; gz;ghlhf
tsHe;j FUj;jZ Ma;T> clYWg;Gjhdk;> ,uj;jjhdk;> FLk;g tho;T>
tpRthrKilik> ew;gz;Gfs;> gpwHeyk;> fw;G> jpUkztho;T kw;Wk; md;G
Mfpatw;iw Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
Raeyj;jhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l khDlk; gpwHeydpy; mf;fiuf; fhl;LtJld; tho;tpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk; gfpUk;
cwTf; NfhHitapy; jd;id KOikahf
tho;tpd; juj;ij
caHj;JfpNwhk; vd;W nrhy;yp nrhFR topfisAk;> cwtw;w kdpj Neakw;wr; nray;fspy;
ek; ek;gpf;ifia itf;Fk;NghJ kdpj cwtpypUe;J tpyfp jdpj;J tplg;gLfpNwhk;.
ek;ikNa jdpikahf;fpf; nfhs;fpNwhk;.
3.4.
jpUtptpypak; $WtJ
cly; eyidg;gw;wp jpUtptpypaj;jpy; gy gFjpfspy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd. Nehapdpd;W Fzkhf;FgtH ,iwtNd vd;w ek;gpf;if A+jHfsplk;
,Ue;J te;jJ. Neha;fs; ghtj;jpd; tpisNt vd;Wk; flTspd; rhgk; vd;Wk; fUjg;gl;L
te;jJ. Nehaw;w tho;Tk; ePz;l MASk; flTspd; Mrpuhff;fUjg;gl;lJ. ,iwtdpd;
Fzkhf;Fk; Mw;wy; ,iwthf;fpdHfs; thapyhf ntspg;gl;lJ. (ehkhd; njhONehapypUe;J
Fzk; ngWtJ 2murH 5:1-19) NahGTk; NehAw;W Fzk; ngw;W eykiltij NahG Gj;jfj;jpy;
fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.)
,NaRTk; jd; nghJ tho;tpy; gyiu Fzkhf;fpdhH. FUlUf;Fg;
ghHitadpj;jhH> ,we;jtHfis capHg;gpj;jhH> Nga;gpbj;jtHfis fl;Lf;spypUe;J
tpLjiy nfhLj;jhH kw;Wk; ghtj;jpy; tho;e;Njhiu J}a KOkdpj tho;tpw;F mioj;jhH.
md;Ng mwnewpapd; mbg;gilAk; KOikAk; vd;W Koq;fpdhH. md;G mwnewpapd; capH vd;W
$Wk;NghJ rl;lj;jpw;Fk; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fk; ,lkpy;iy. md;G mwnewpapd;
mbg;gilAk;> Muk;gKk;> KOikAk; kw;Wk; epiwTk; vd;Dk; nfhs;iffis
kiwKfkhfTk; fhzyhk;. ,e;j md;G flTspd; jd;ikapy; tpsq;Ftjhy; ,J nja;tPf md;G.
flTs; ek;ik md;G nra;J Nghy xUtiunahUtH md;G $w miof;fg;gLfpNwhk;>
gzpf;fg;gLfpNwhk; kw;Wk; fl;lisaplg;gLfpNwhk; (Nahthd; 13:34-35).
,e;j md;gpw;F rhd;WgfuTk;> me;j md;gpw;F mbgzpe;J
elf;fTNk jk; rPlHfSf;F miog;G tpLf;fpwhH ,NaR. ,e;j md;Ng fpwpj;jt kiwapd;
mwnewpf;F mbj;jskhf mikfpd;wJ. ,NaRtpd; jpahfg;gypapy; ,e;j md;G jpahfmd;ghf
ekf;F rthy; tpLf;fpd;wJ. Mf ,NaRitg; gpd;gw;WgtHfSf;F rthy; vd;why; mJ md;Gf;F
vjpuhf ,Ug;gitfNs.
gTybahH nfhhpe;jpaUf;F vOjpa Kjy; jpUKfj;jpy; 13-Mk;
mjpfhuj;jpy; md;gpd; jd;ikia tpthpT gLj;jpf; $WfpwhH. Mf fpwpj;jt mwnewpf;F
mbg;gilahf cs;sJ md;Ng vd;W nrhd;dhy; kpifahfhJ.
3.5. jpUr;rigapd; epiyg;ghL
tho;tpd;
ew;nra;jp (The Gospel of Life, John Paul II, 1995) vd;w Rw;W klypy; jpUj;je;ij ,uz;lhk;
Nahthd; gTy; “tho;Tg;gz;ghL” vd;Wk; “rhTg; gz;ghL” vd;Wk; ,f;fhyr; #oypy; epfOk; nray;ghLfis tho;T
nfhLg;gitfshfTk; mopTf;F ,l;Lr;
nra;gitfshfTk; tifgLj;JfpwhH.
,d;iwa r%ff; #oypy; tho;Tg;
gz;ghl;bw;Fk; rhTg; gz;ghl;bw;FkpilNa cs;s neUf;fbfis ehk; Mokhd NjHe;J
njspjypd; topahfNt cz;ikahd kjpg;gPLfisAk; NjitfisAk; fz;LzuKbAk; vd;fpwhH.
rhTg; gz;ghllbw;Fhpaitfshf
fUr;rpijT> kdpj gbnaLg;G> Kisf;fUj;jZ Ma;T> fUizf; nfhiy> nfhiy>
jw;nfhiy> kuzjz;lid> mePjg;NghH> nraw;if fUj;jil Af;jpfs;
Nghd;witfisj; jpUr;rig fz;ldk; nra;tJld; ,tw;iw kdpj tho;T rpwf;f cjthjitfshf
mwptpf;fpd;wJ.
epiwTs;s kdpjH ahH? cly;
FiwghLfs; kl;Lk; jhd; FiwghLfsh? Kdepiyf;FiwghLs;stHfs; ,t;Tyfpy; tho
chpikapy;iyah? vy;NyhUk; xUtpjj;jpy; FiwghLs;stHfNs. kdpj capH FiwghLs;s
eguhfNth my;yJ Fiwapy;yhj eguhfNth ,Ue;jhYk; mij kjpf;f miof;fg;gLfpd;Nwhk;.
·
kdpjd;
rpe;jidapYk; jdJ kdg;ghHitapYk; kdpj Neaj;Jld; nray;glhkypUg;gJ xU FiwNa.
·
rf kdpjiu kdpjuhf
kpjpf;fhky; khz;gpy;yhky; elj;JtJ FiwghLs;s kdpjr; rpe;jidNa.
·
Raeyj;jhy;
gPbf;fg;gl;L kw;wtiu gw;wpa ve;j fhpridAk; ,y;yhky; nray;gLtJ mbg;gil kdpjf;
FiwghNl.
·
kdpjj;ij tpl
gzj;ijAk;> nghUisAk;> nrhFfisAk; tpUk;GNthH FiwghLs;s kdpjHfNs.
·
rf kdpjiu Ruz;Lk;
vtUk;> kdpjj;jd;ik ,oe;jtHfNs.
·
,wg;Gk;
gz;ghl;by; Nt&d;wp mjd; Nghf;Ffspy; nray;gLtHfs; midtUNk FiwghLs;stHfNs.
FiwAld; gpwf;Fk; rpRf;fis
kdpj Neaj;Jld; ghJfhj;J> ghuhkhpf;f ekf;F fhpridAk; fdpTk; cs;s kdk; Njit.
md;id njurhtpd; ,g;gz;ig cyfNk tpaf;fpd;wJ.
caphp kUj;Jt mwnewpahdJ
mbg;gilapy; kdpj tho;it kjpf;f miof;fpd;wJ. ve;j gad;ghLk; tho;Tf;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW gad;ghLfisr; nray;gLj;j kdpj
tho;tpw;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; nray;gLj;jg;gl;l Ntz;Lk;. kdpj tho;T vd;W
$Wk;NghJ mjpy; KjpNahH> khw;Wj; jpuzhspfs;> NehAw;NwhH> tWikapy;
thLNthH> kdeyk;Fd;wpNahH> chpikapoe;J Gyk; ngaHe;Js;NshH kw;Wk;
Kfthpapy;yh r%fj;jpy; gpd;js;sg;gl;NlhUk; mlq;FtH.
/Gf;]; vd;w fj;Njhypf;f
Ma;thsH “kdpjH ,iwtDf;F NeubahfTk; KOikahfTk; chpatHfs;” vd;fpwhH.
J}a Nahthd; ];Njth]; “kdpjH jd; capUf;Fk; clYf;Fk; KOikahd jiytuy;y@
kdpjUf;F ,e;j MSik fpilahJ vd;whYk; mij ek;gpf;ifapy; ,iwjpl;ljpw;fhf
ngw;wpUg;gjhff;”
$WthH.
fj;Njhypf;f ,iwapaypy; kdpjH
,iwtdhy; gilf;fg;gl;ltHfs; vd;gjpdhNy kdpj capH J}a;ik tha;e;jJ vd;fpwJ.
,iwtd; kdpjiu gilj;jJ
kl;Lky;y khwhf kdpjUf;Fj; jd;id ntspg;gLj;jp> kdpj Fyj;ij kPl;Ls;shH. ,iwtd;
kDTUntLj;jypd; topahf jd;id kdpjHfNshL ,izj;Jf; nfhz;l nray; kdpj tho;tpw;Fk;
kw;Wk; kdpjg;gilg;gpw;Fk; rpwg;ghd kjpg;igAk; khz;igAk; nfhLj;Js;sJ. ,jdhy; rf
kdpjHfNshL xg;gpl;L kdpj tho;T khz;ig milatpy;iy> khwhf ,iwtdpd; mUs;kpF
nray;gLfspdhy; kdpj tho;T NkNyhq;fp kjpg;igAk; khz;igAk; ngWfpd;wJ. ,jdhNy
gaDs;s my;yJ kjpg;Gs;s kdpjtho;ntd;Wk; gadw;w my;yJ kjpg;gpy;yhj kdpj
tho;ntd;Wk; kdpj tho;itg; ghFgLj;j KbahJ. kdpjuhfj; Njhd;Wk; vtUk;
kjpg;Gf;FhpatNu. Vndd;why; kdpjk; ,iwtdpd; gilg;Gfspy; xd;whf ,Ue;jhYk; ,iwtd;
kdpjuhd epfo;T kdpjj;ij caHj;jpg; gpbj;Js;sJ.
3.6. clYWg;G jhdk;
clYWg;G jhdk; tuNtw;fj;jf;f
nrayhfTk; gpwH eyj;ijf; fhf;Fk; rNfhjuj;Jtr; nrayhfTk; jpUr;rig Nghw;Wfpd;wJ.
,j;jifa Nkyhd> Nghw;Wjw;Fhpa nraiy kdpj FLk;gjpw;F nra;ag;gLk; cd;dj Nritahf
,Uf;fpwJ vd;W jpUj;je;ij ,uz;lhk; Nahthd; gTy; $WfpwhH (Address
to the International Congress of the Society for Organ Sharing, 1992). ,r;nraiyj; J}z;LtJ mbg;gilapy; md;Gk;>
NjhoikAk;> rNfhju fhpridANk vd;fpwJ jpUr;rig (The Gopsepl of
Life No.86). mNjNtisapy; clYWg;G
jhdj;ij tzpfkhf Nkw;nfhs;Nthiu Vw;W nfhs;sKbahJ vd;Wk; cWg;Gf;fis tpiyf;F
tpw;Fk; epiy jd;eykw;w nrayy;y vd;Wk; kdpj khz;ig ,of;fitf;fpd;w nranyd;Wk;; jpUj;je;ij
,uz;lhk; Nahthd; gTy; $WfpwhH (World Congress of the
Transplantation Society, Rome 2000).
tWikapy; thLNthH jq;fspd;
rpWePufq;fis tpw;Fk; mtyk; ek; ehl;bNy Nfs;tpAWfpNwhk;. mWit rpfpr;irapd; NghJ
Nehahspapd; rpWePufj;ij jpULk; kUj;JtHfs; gw;wpAk; Nfs;tpAWfpNwhk;. rpy
Ntiyfspy; kdpjHfisf; flj;jp cWg;Gf;fis gwpf;Fk; clYWg;Gf; nfhs;isaHfisg;
gw;wpAk; ehk; mjpHr;rpAld; Nfs;tpAWfpNwhk;. clYWg;G jhdk; vd;Dk; cd;dj
kdg;ghq;F kdpj Raeyj;jpdhy; flj;jy; njhopy; Nghy MFk; epiyapy; ek;ik cz;ikf;Fk;
kw;Wk; tha;ikf;Fk; fhpridNahL vOk; Njhoikf;Fk;
,lk; nfhLf;fhky; rhTg; gz;ghl;il cl;GFj;Jfpd;wJ. ed;ikgaf;Fk; ,r;nraypy; jPik
vd;w Nehf;fk; Eiotjhy; ,r;nraiy jPa Nehf;fpypUe;J ghJf;fhf;f kf;fs; tpopg;GzHT
ngw Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jPikfisj; jLf;f muR ghJfhg;Gk; cj;jpthjKk; je;J mg;ghtp kf;fs; ,j;jPikf;F
MshfhjthW nghWg;Gld; nray;glNtz;Lk;.
3.7. epiwtho;T
Nahthd; ew;nra;jpapy; ,NaR
epiwtho;tspf;f te;;jjhff; $WfpwhH (Nahthd; 10:10). gz;ghL> murpay;>
Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp> rkak;> nghUshjhuk; vd;W kdpj tho;tpd; gy
ghpkhdq;fshff; $wyhk;. tho;tpd; gy;NtW ghpkhdq;fspypy; epiwTk; KOikAk; miltNj “epiwtho;T” vd;W nghUs;nfhs;syhk;. ,it kdpj tho;tpd;
vy;yhf;fl;lq;fspYk; CLUtp jdpr;rpwg;Gld; kdpj tho;tpw;Fj; Njitahd mbg;gilia
toq;Ffpd;wd. ,d;W EfHTg;gz;ghLk; cyfkakhf;fSk; kw;Wk; gz;lkakhf;fSk; kdpj
tho;itAk; mt;tho;tpd; NjitfisAk; mt;tho;tpd; Nkd;ikiaAk; rpwpJ rpwpjhf Fiyj;J
tUfpd;wd. tho;tpay; Nehf;fq;fs; jd;dyj;ij kl;LNk ikakhff; nfhz;L nray;gLk;
gz;ghL ,d;W mjpfhpj;J tUfpd;wJ. NkYk;> NkYk; kdpjj;jpw;F vjpuhd nray;ghLfSk;
Fw;wq;fSk; Nghf;FfSk; ngUfp tUfpd;wij ,t;Tyfk; fz;LzHfpd;wJ NkYk; mDgtpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
kdpjj;jpd; kPJ jhf;Fjy; gy
Gjpag; Gjpa Af;jpfs; my;yJ fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs; topahfTk; elf;fpd;wd. gy
Neha;fspypUe;J tpLtpf;f jLg;G+rp kUe;JfisAk; kw;w rpfpr;irAk; khw;W
topKiwfisAk; kdpj FOj;jpw;F toq;fpj; JaH Jilj;j mwptpay; kw;Wk; kUj;Jtj;Jiwf;
fz;Lgpbg;GfSf;F jiytzq;f ehk; flikg;gl;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. gy;NtW kUj;Jt Kiwfs;
NehahspfSf;F MWjYk; Nehapd;W FzKk; tpLjiyAk; NkYk; mjpf fhyk; eyKld; tho tif
nra;Js;sd. ,ytr kUj;Jt NritfisAk; kf;fSf;F muRfs; mwpKfk; nra;J mjpf Viokf;fs;
gadila> cly;eyKld; tho trjp nra;ag;gl;bUg;gJ ghuhl;Ljw;FhpaNj (The
Gospel of life, no 11).
kdpj tho;tpd; G+q;fhthf
,Ug;gJ mtuthpd; FLk;gq;fs; vd;gij kwe;Jtplf; $lhJ. ,f;FLk;gk; vd;w tho;Tk;
G+q;fhtpYk; tho;tpw;F vjpuhdj; jhf;Fjy; Vw;gLtjhf $wg;gLfpwJ. fUr;rpijT>
fUj;jilAf;jpfs;> nraw;ifahf fUTUthf;f Kiwfs;> rpRf;nfhiy> fUizf;nfhiy
Mfpait FLk;gq;fspy; epfOk;NghJ tho;itg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;ba egHfNs tho;it mopf;f
Kw;gLk;NghJ ,q;F kdpj tho;Tk; cwTk; mwnewpf; Nfs;tpfSf;Fs;shfpd;wJ. kdpj
chpikg;gw;wp mjpfk; Ngrg;gLk; ,f;fhyr;#oypy; jhd; kdpj chpikfs; mjpfkhf
kPwg;gLfpd;wd. kdpj chpikiag; gw;wp lhk;gPfkhf mwptpj;J tho;tpd; kjpg;ig
vy;NyhUk; mwpAk; tpjj;jpy; cWjpnra;Ak; NghJk; $l mbg;gil tho;Thpikiar; rpwg;ghf
gpwg;G-,wg;G Mfpaj; jUzq;fspy; ,t;Thpik jLf;fTk; jfHf;fTk;gLfpd;wJ.
,t;td;Kiwfs; tho;Thpikiag; gwpg;gJld; tho;Thpikia kWf;fpd;wd (The
Gospel of Life n.18).
typikAs;sNshH vspNahiu
xLf;FtJk; xU tifapy; Nghuhff; nfhs;syk;. mjpf md;igAk; Vw;igAk; kw;Wk;
fhpridiaAk; gadw;witfshff; fUjg;gLk;NghJ mJ tho;tpw;F jhq;f Kbahj Rikahf
mikfpd;wJ. ,it tho;tpw;F vjpuhd rjpahNyhridj; jpl;lq;fshff;; fUjyhk;.
jpUj;je;ij gjpdhwhk; ngdbf;
jdJ Ky; Rw;W klypy; md;ig ikag;gLj;jp md;Ng kf;fspd; nghJeyid fhf;Fk; fUtp vd;fpwhH
(Deus
Caritas Est, 28, God is Love). tho;T vd;gJ ,iwtd; nfhLf;Fk; nfhilNa. ,J ,iwtd;
jd;dplKs;s jd;ikiaj; jk; gilg;Gf;fNshL gfpHe;Jnfhs;fpwhH vd;Wk; ,t;tho;T mjd;
,yf;if ,iwAwtpy; ,iwad;gpYk; kw;Wk; ,iwQhdj;jpYk; fz;lilfpd;wJ (The
Gospel of Life, 34). Mf tho;it
toq;fpatNu tho;Tf;F chpikahsH. Mjyhy; tho;tpd; Mz;ltuhf ,Ug;gtH ,iwtNd. kdpjH
,t;tho;it jd;tpUg;gk;Nghy; chpik nfhs;s KbahJ (The Gospel of
Life, 39). tho;it Kd;Ndw;wk; milar;nra;a nghWg;gGs;s gfpUk;
gz;ghNl Cf;Ftpg;gjhf mikfpd;wJ. tho;Tg; gz;ghLk; ,wg;Gg; gz;ghLk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W
NghuhLk;NghJ xw;WikAld; tpopg;GzHNthL tho;tpw;F MjuT je;J Gjpa tho;Tg;gz;ghl;il
Vw;gLj;jNtz;Lk;. md;G cs;sj;NjhL Nrit nra;gtHfshy; kl;LNk ghJfhf;f KbAk; vd;W
jpUj;je;ij gpuhd;rp]; 19 khHr; 2013 ,y; jdJ gzpiaj; njhlq;Fk; jpUg;gypapy; $WfpwhH.
3.8. kdpj tho;tpd; J}a;ik
,iwrhaypy; gilf;fg;gl;ljhy;
kdpjhpd; tho;T J}aJ vd;W ek; kiwapay; Nghjidj; njspthff; $Wfpd;wJ. kdpjiu
gilg;gpd; JizahsuhfTk; kw;Wk; rf gilg;ghspahfTk; ,iwtd; fUJfpwhH vd;W gy
,iwapayhsHfs; $Wfpd;wdH.
mf;Ftpd; Njhkh kdpjhpd; tho;T
,iwf;nfhilahf ,Ug;gjhy; jd; capNu jdf;F nrhe;jky;y> ,iwtDf;Fj;jhd; nrhe;jk;
vd;Wk; Mjyhy; kdpjH jd; nrhe;j capUf;FNk kw;Wk; rf kdpjhpd; capUf;FNk JizahsUk;
gzpahsUkhf ,Ue;J ,iwtDf;F kl;LNk nrhe;jkhd mt;Tapiu fhf;f Ntz;L vd;W $WfpwhH (Summa
Theologia ,II,II, 64,5).
3.9. xUq;fpize;j eytho;T
cz;ikahd kdpj eyk; vJ vd;gij
NjHe;Jj;njspa ehk; Kw;gLfpNwhk;. kdpj tho;tpd; kjpg;G> kdpjhpd; khz;G>
kdpjhpd; r%fg; gz;G kw;Wk; gilg;gpd; ed;ikj;jdk; Mfpa ghpkhzq;fis itj;J mwnewp
,iwapaypy; mbg;gilapy; ed;ikAs;stw;iw ehk; fz;lwpfpNwhk;. caphp kUj;Jt
mwnewpapy; jFe;j rkepiyapYs;s RaThpikAk;> cwthHe;j fhpridAk;> cly; Md;kh
xd;wpg;Gk;> cly; MNuhf;fpaKk;> ghpTld; nfhz;l fhpridAk;> cly;-Md;kh
xd;wpg;Gk;> cly; MNuhf;fpaKk; kw;Wk; ghpTld; nfhz;l fhprid nfhz;L Nehapy; thLNthUf;F MWjyhf ehk; ,Uf;f
Ntz;bapUf;fpd;wJ.
Nky; Fwpg;gpl;l gz;GfSld;
,d;Dk; rpy $Wfis ek; kdjpy; epWj;jp rpe;jpg;gJ mtrpak;.
·
khDl tho;it ehk;
vt;thW fhz;fpNwhk;?
·
gzpahsH vd;fpw
epiyapyh my;yJ chpikahsH vd;w epiyapyh?
·
kdpjHfspd; my;yJ
jdp eghpd; chpik kWf;fg;gLfpd;wdth?
·
vj;jUzj;jpyhtJ
kdpj khz;G rkurk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wjh?
·
kdpjhHfis XH
cgNahfg; nghUshff; fUjg;gLfpwhh;fsh?
·
jdpeghpd;
jd;khdj;ijg; ghjpf;Fk; RatpUg;gjpw;F jil ,Uf;fpwjh?
·
,dg;ngUf;f
Af;jpfs; kfg;NgWf;F cjTfpd;wdth? my;yJ ,aw;ifahd ghYwT ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F
khw;whf mikfpwjh?
·
kdpjhpd;
,aw;ifahd ghYwtpy; Vw;gLk; xUikAk; ,dg;ngUf;fKk; fhf;fg;gLfpd;wdth?
\Nyhk; vd;w vgpNuar;
nrhy;Yf;F xl;Lnkhj;j eyd; vd;W nghUs;. tho;tpd; midj;J ghpkhzq;fspYk; xUtH
eyKld; ,Ug;gJ KOkdpj tho;T vdyhk;.
MfNtjhd; A+jHfs; xUtiunahUtH re;jpf;Fk;NghJ \Nyhk; vd;W
tho;j;jpf;nfhs;tH.
4.0. nray;ghl;bw;fhf
4.1.
rpe;jidf;F
mwptpay; Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; kUj;Jt Af;jpfs; kdpj tho;tpd;
Vf;fq;fis G+Hj;jpr; nra;a KbAk; vd;W $Wfpd;wd. mjpfkhf vjpHg;ghHg;Gf;fisAk;>
NjitfisAk; tsHj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;s kdpj kdepiyf;F epiwTk; epk;kjpAk; fhz mwptpay;
njhopy;El;gq;fSd; kUj;Jtj;JiwfSk; Kaw;rpj;Js;sdH. khDl Mirfis vg;ghLgl;Lk;
epiwNtw;WNthk; vd;W ,j;Jiwfs; gy rthy;fis re;jpj;J jPHTfisAk;> tpNdhjq;fisAk;
,ay;G tho;tpw;Fs; cl;GFj;jp tUfpd;wdH. Njitf;Fk;> Mirf;Fk; NtWghby;yhky;
kdpjhpd; rpe;jidf;F tUtnjy;yhk; eilKiwg;gLj;j Kw;gLtJ ,d;iwa mwptpaYfj;jpw;F
Vw;gl;Ls;s rthy;. FiwfNs ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd;W vy;NyhiuAk; epiwAs;stHfshf Mf;Fk;
Nehf;Fld; ,d;iwa mwptpaypd; Nghf;F mike;Js;sJ. gzkpUe;jhy; xUtH vijNtz;LkhdhYk;
ngwKbAk; vd;dk; rpj;jhe;jk; tsHe;J tUk; fhyj;jpy; Viofs>; tpspk;G epiy
kf;fs;> tWikapy; thLNthhpd; epiy fzf;fpy; nfhs;sg;gLtjpy;iy.
gz;ghLfis cUFiyj;J mwnewpg;gz;Gfisj; J}f;fpnahpe;J>
kdpj khz;ig xJf;fptpl;L> Raeyg; ghHitAld; nray;gLk; ve;j KiwfSk;
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; topay;y. ,d;iwa Kd;Ndw;w KiwfSf;Fg; gpd; nghJthf gd;dhl;L tzpfg;
gz KjiyfSk;> njhopw;rhiyfSk;> murpay; #o;r;rpfSk;> mg;ghtpkf;fisr;
Ruz;Lk; kdpj xl;Lz;zpfSk;Nk NkNyhq;fp ,Uf;fpd;wdh.
,d;W fUr;rpijT nra;ayhkh my;yJ nra;af; $lhjh vd;W
Nfl;Fk; NghJ mf;fUTf;F nghWg;Ngw;f kWf;Fk; egHfs; ek; fz;fSf;F Kd; tuhjJ Vd;?
nghWg;GilikAk;> gpukhdpf;fKk; gw;wp Vd; ahUk;
tha;jpwg;gjpy;iy?
rpw;wpd;gj;ij newpgLj;jhky; ,aw;if czHT vd;W $wp
rpw;wpd;gj;ij Qhag;gLj;JNthH mr;rpw;wpd;gj;jpw;F nraw;if fUj;jilia Vd;
gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;?
jhd; Njhd;wpj;jdj;jpd; tpisTfisr; re;jpf;f
kdj;jplkpy;yhky; mwnewp gpuse;;J jLkhWk; kdpjg;Nghf;FfSf;F Ntfj;jilahf miktJ
mwnewpapd; gzpahf mikfpd;wJ.
nraw;if ,dg;ngUf;f Af;jpfis gad;ghl;by; eilKiwgLj;jpAs;s
kUj;Jtj;Jiw kyl;Lj; jd;ikfspd; fhuzq;fis Fwpg;ghf gzpahy; Vw;gLk; cly;eyj;
jPikfis (Occupational Health Hazards) kf;fSf;F tpopg;GzHTf;
fy;tpahf nfhLf;fg;glhky; ,Ug;gJ kUj;Jtj; Jiwapd; flikaw;w nray; vd;W $wyhk;.
tWikapd; gpbahy; kf;fs; ,e;epiyf;F jq;fisNa ,of;Fk; epiyf;F MshtJ tWikapd;
fdhfdj;ijr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
4.2.
,iwrhaypd; tUq;fhyk;
gioa Vw;ghl;L fhyj;jpy; rpR gypia ahtNt flTs; vjpHj;jhH.
tho;tpd; flTshf ,Uf;Fk; flTs; tho;itf; nfhilahf toq;FfpwhH. ,t;tho;it Ngzp
tsHgJ ek; flik. cly;eyKld; tho;tJ ehk; ,iwtd; nfhLj;j tho;it kjpj;Jg; Nghw;Wjy;
vd;W $wyhk;.
gpwg;G> ,wg;G Mfpait tho;tpd; epo;Tfs;. ,tw;wpw;Fj;
jil tpjpf;fhky; gpwg;igAk; ,wg;igAk; nghWg;Gld; vjpHnfhs;s kdpjHfs; tsu
Ntz;Lk;. nray;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; kdpjHfs;> jq;fs; rpe;jidfisAk; Nrhjidr;
rhtbf;F cl;gLj;JtJ rPHkpFr; nrayhf mikAk;.
rpe;jidj; njspTk;> ed;newpAk; css; Kiwikfs; tho;T
jUgitfshf mikAk;. tpj;jpahrkhf rpe;jpf;fpNwd; vd;W nrhy;yp ,ay;ghditfspypUe;J
NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;l ntspNtl tpj;jpahrk; ekf;F ed;ikahf mikahJ. tho;tpw;F khw;whf
NtW vJTk; fpilahJ. kdpjk; KOikahf tho flTs; miof;fpd;whH. newpKiwfs;
,t;tho;itg; ghJfhj;J khz;Gld; tpsq;fr; nra;aNt jhd;.
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;f Nehf;Fk; Nghf;Fk; jUtJ mwnewpAld; $baj;
Njitfs;. newpaw;wj; Njitfs; vd;Wk; Qhakhdj; Njitfs; vd;Wk; ehk; Njitfis
tifg;gLj;jyhk;.
,f;fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; cly;eiyid kl;Lk; fzf;fpy; nfhs;shky;
Md;kPf eyj;jpYk; xUq;fpize;j tho;tpYk; MHtk; fhl;b> cly;eyk; kl;Lk; my;yhJ
kdpjj;ij xLf;Fk; midj;J rf;jpfspypUe;J tpLtpf;fTk; kw;w ,d;wpaikahditfis kdpj tho;tpw;Fs; jf;fitf;f ,d;W Md;kPf
kWkyHr;rp Vw;gLtijg; ghHf;fpNwhk;. ,J kdpj eytho;it xU xUq;fpize;j KOikahfg;
ghHj;J kdpj tho;tpd; midj;J efHTfisAk;> gq;FfisAk; xd;wpizj;J kdpjH khz;Gld;
top nra;a KaYfpd;wJ.
kdpjhpd; mjpNtfg; ghpzhk tsHr;rpAk; kdpjhpd;
jdpj;jd;ikf;Fhpa Kw;Nghf;F tsHr;rpAk; fz;L kdpjH tsHr;rpaile;J tpl;ljhf
mwptpf;f KbahJ. gy tpjq;fspy; tsHr;rpaile;J tpl;ljhfj; njd;gl;lhYk; gpd;dilTfis
ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;bapUf;fpd;wJ. kdpjhgpkhdj;jpYk; gfpHtpYk; kdpjH
gpd;dile;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH. Clfj;Jiw tsHr;rpaile;;jhYk;> cz;ikapy;
gpd;jq;fpa epiyapy; ,Uf;fpNwhk;. kfg;NgW rpfpr;ir Kiwfs; tsHe;jpUe;jhYk; mehij
Mrpukq;fs; mjpfhpj;Js;sd. capHfhg;G kw;Wk; MAs; ePl;bg;G kUe;Jfs; ,Ue;jhYk;
KjpNahH ,y;yq;fs; ngUfptUfpd;wdH. Rje;jpug;Nghf;fpy; tsHe;J ,Ue;jhYk;
nghWg;GzHtpy; Njhy;tpaile;Js;Nshk;@ njhopy;El;gj;jpy; tsHe;jpUe;jhYk; njhopy;
Rj;jj;jpy; NjHr;rp ngwtpy;iy> Ntfj;jpy; tsHe;jpUe;jhYk; tpNtfj;jpy;
jtwpg;NghapUf;fpNwhk;. tuyhw;wpy; tsHe;jpUe;jhYk; tWiknahopg;gpy;
gpd;thq;fpapUf;fpNwhk;> tUthiag; ngUf;fpapUe;jhYk; epk;kjpia
,oe;jpUf;fpNwhk;. jdpnahUthpd; chpikiag; gw;wp mjpfk; NgrpdhYk; xLf;FKiwfs;
xope;jghby;iy.
nrhFRfis Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jhYk;> mr;RWj;Jk;
Mgj;Jf;fisAk; Njhw;Wtpj;jpUf;fpNwhk;> kUj;JtkidfSk; Gjpa rpfpr;ir Kiwfs;
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk; Gjpa Neha;fs; cz;lhfpd;wd> ,izaj;jsq;fspy; ez;gHfs;
te;jile;jhYk; cwTfspy; Mokpd;ikAk; cwT KwptfSk; ,d;iwa vjhHj;jq;fs;. rl;lq;fSk;
mjpfhpj;Js;sd CoYk; mjpfhpj;Js;sd. ed;wp> ey;nyz;zk;> ew;nray;>
ew;gz;G> ey;tho;j;J vd;Dk; jkpo;g;gz;ghl;bw;Fhpa rpwg;Gj;jd;ikfs;
kwf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fSf;F jpirtopahf;fk; nfhLj;J
newpgLj;jp> mitfis kdpj fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; itj;J kdpjj; Njitfis Kd; epWj;jp
kdpjH khz;Gld; tho top nra;a xt;nthU mwptpayhUk; fw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
tpNdhjg; gphpaH Nghy; Gjpait vd;w ngahpy; gz;ghl;ilAk;
mbg;gil cwTfisAk; kdpj tho;tpd; ,ay;GfisAk; ,of;f itg;gJ Kd;Ndw;wNkh mwptpay;
rhjidNah my;y. kdpjiu KO kdpjuhf tho tpLtNj mwptpaypd; Nehf;fkhf mika Ntz;Lk;.
Gjpa fz;bgpbg;Gf;fs; Ntbf;iff;fhfNth my;yJ tpj;ij
fhl;lNth my;y. ,itfs; kdpj tho;tpd; xd;wpizit rpijf;f Vw;gLj;jg;Lfpd;w
topKiwfs; vd;W rpyH $WtH. mwptpay; kdpj tho;it fl;bnaOg;gTk;> rpije;jitfis
$l;br; NrHj;J xd;wpizf;fTNk gad;gl Ntz;Lk;.
mwptpay; kdpjtho;itj; jphpg;gjw;fy;y khwhf kdpj tho;it
tsg;gLj;jp> ,ilA+ufw;wp> xUq;fpize;j eytho;T tho top nra;tNj ,jd; mbg;gil
,Ug;gpw;Fg; nghUs; NrHf;Fk;.
md;Gk; kdpj NeaKk; mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;Fg; gpd;dhy;
,aq;f Ntz;Lk;.
gz;ghLk;> kdpj khz;Gk; mwptpaiy newpgLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
xw;WikAk;> fhpridAk; mwptpaYf;F topfhl;l Ntz;Lk;. mwnewpAk;> kdpj eyDk;
jpirtopahf;fk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
jpUj;je;ij gpuhd;rp]; $WtJ Nghy “Clfq;fs;
ek;ik mwptpf;f my;y> khwhf %nthU ,iwtid giwrhw;w gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;”.
mwptpay; ek;ik ikag;gLj;jhky; ,iwjpl;lj;ij ikag;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
4.3.
ew;nra;jp mwptpj;jypy; Gjpa Kiwfs; (New
Evangelisation)
ew;nra;jp mwptpj;jy; vd;W nrhd;dhy; VNjh kf;fis
kjkhw;WtJ vd;W $Wk; goikthjpfspd; Ghpjy; my;y. khwhf ,NaRtpd; kjpg;gPLfs; khDl
tho;tpd; midj;J fl;lq;fspYk; Koq;fg;gLtNjahFk;. ,NaRtpd; kjpg;gPLfshd kdpj
khz;G> rkj;Jtk;> md;G> rNfhjuj;Jtk;> gfpHT> gpwHeyk;>
kd;dpg;G> tpLjiy> Fzk;> chpiktho;T> tpopg;GzHT> kdpj Neak;
Mfpait rhjp> kjk;> ,dk;> ehL vd;Dk; NtWghLfis kPwp midj;Jj;
JiwfspYk;> tho;Tr;#oy;fspYk;> jilapd;wp mwptpg;gNj ,d;iwa cyfpy;
ew;nra;jp mwptpj;jyhFk;. gy;NtW ghFghLfshy; cilgl;bUf;Fk; khDlj;ij ,NaRtpd;
mutizf;Fk; kjpg;gPLfisf; nfhz;L xd;W NrHj;J> fhj;J> topelj;j xt;nthU
ew;nra;jpahsUk; KayNtz;Lk;. ew;nra;jp mwptpj;jy; xU gzp my;y@ khwhf ek;
tho;f;iff; flik. ew;nra;jp vd;gJ rkar; rlq;fy;y khwhf kdpjg;gz;ghL. ew;nra;jp
vd;gJ fw;Wj;jug;gl Ntz;ba ghlky;y> khwhf vy;NyhiuAk; CLUtf;$ba
tho;Tg;Nghf;F. ew;nra;jp vd;gJ xU tho;tpd; nghUs; kl;Lky;y. me;j tho;tpd;
epiwTkhFk;.
fHjpdhy; NahNrg;G ,uhl;rp]pq;fH jpUj;je;ij ,uz;lhk;
Nahthd; gTypd; ,WjpaQ;rypj; jpUg;gypapy; xg;Gikthjj;ijg; (Relativism)
gw;wp njspthff; $WfpwhH. ,t;Tyfk; xg;Gikthjj;jhy; jhp nfl;L jj;jspf;fpd;wJ
vd;Wk;> ,d;iwa cyfpd; jPikfSf;Ff; fhuzk; vijAk; xg;Gikthj Nehf;Fld; mZFtNj
vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. Xg;Gikthjj;ij Qhag;gLj;j KbahJ@ vdpDk; xg;Gikthj;ijr; fhl;b
kf;fspd; mwpnewpia rPHFiya itf;fpd;wJ ,d;iwa rKjhak;. vijg; gpd;gw;wyhk; vij
xJf;fyhk; vd;w njspe;j kdKk; rpe;jidAk; kf;fsplk; kq;fptUfpd;wd. jdJ Kjy;
kiwAiuapy; jpUj;je;ij gpuhd;rp]; “muf;fj;jdkhd
cyfg;gw;iwg;” gw;wpf; $WfpwhH. muf;fjdkhd cyfg;gw;Wk;>
cyfj;jdKk; ,d;W ,Uspd;> rhtpd;> ngha;ikapd; gz;ghlhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. kf;fSf;F
ed;ik> jPikfSf;fpilNa NtWghlwpAk; Mw;wYk;> tpopg;GzHTk;> Rje;jpuKk;
,y;yh #oypy; tho;fpNwhk;. kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dhf ek;gp jukpy;yhj tho;f;ifr;
#oy;fSf;F mbikahfp xU NkNyhl;lkhd tho;Tf;F mbgzpe;J NtHfis kwe;J> GjpaJ vd;W
ed;ndwpaw;witfis ,urpj;Jf; nfhz;L tho;it ,of;fpd;Nwhk;. Gj;Jyfk;>
ehfhpfk;> tsHe;jitfs;> Kw;Nghf;F> Gjpa Af;jpfs;> Kd;Ndw;k;>
fz;Lgpbg;G> khw;WtopKiwfs;> vspikahditfs;> Rygkhditfs;> ,ytrk;>
ePz;ba fhy cj;juthjk;> kpfTk; eh#f;fhd topfs;> fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w gb ehk;
khw;wpaikf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw Qhag;gLj;Jk; xg;Gikthjf; nfhs;iffis ehk; NjHe;J
njspa QhdKk;> topg;GzHTk;> nka;AzHTk;> topfl;LjYk; kw;Wk; fy;tpAk;
ekf;Fj; Njit. gz;ghl;r; rPuoptpw;F mbf;fy; ehl;Lk; Ntfk; kw;Wk; tpiuT vd;fpw
ce;JjYf;F ehk; fbthsk; NghLtJk; rhyr; rpwe;jJ.
rf;jpgilj;j> NeHj;jpahd> ty;yikAila topKiwfs; vd;W
$wg;gLk; Af;jpfis mjd; nray;ghLfis kl;Lk; itj;J vilNghlhky; mjd;
tpisTfisAk;> gad;ghLfisAk; Ma;e;jwpe;J ,tw;iw ghpe;Jiu nra;aTk;>
gpd;Df;Fj; js;sTk; ehk; epjhdKs;s kf;fshf ,Uf;ff; fw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
4.4.
NehAw;NwhUf;F MNuhf;fpaNk
md;id khpahis NehAw;NwhUf;F MNuhf;fpaNk vd;W gphpaKld;
md;idapd; kd;whl;L khiyapy; miof;fpd;Nwhk;. md;id khpahspd; jpUj;jy;qfs;
NehahspfSk; kfg;NgW ghf;fpak; Ntz;LNthUk; tho;tpy; my;yy; gLNthUk; kw;Wk; gy rka kf;fSk; ghFghbd;wp Kw;Wifapl;L
md;idapd; ty;yikkpf;f ghpe;Jiuahy; jhq;fs; Ntz;baijg; ngWfpd;wdH. Y}HJ
khefhpYk; Ntshq;fd;dpapYk; kf;fspd; $l;lKk; mtHfspd; ek;gpf;if rhl;rpaKk;
md;idapd; ghpe;Jiuf;F Kj;jha;g;ghf mikfpd;wd. ,iwad;id vd;Wk; toq;fg;gLk; md;id
jha;ikiar; Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; ngz;zhf jpfo;fpd;whH. gyUk; md;idapd; jpUj;jyq;fis ehb
Ntz;Ljy; nrYj;Jfpd;wdH. Foe;ijapy;yhNjhH kuj;jpy; njhlby; fl;b jq;fspd;
tpz;zg;gq;fis milahskhf mHgzpf;fpd;wdH. cly; eykpy;yhNjhH md;idapd;
ghpe;Jiuahy; mw;Gjkhf eykilfpd;wdH. ngz;ikf;Fk; jha;ikf;Fk; J}a;ikf;Fk; kw;Wk;
jhuhs kdg;ghd;ikf;Fk; ,iwjpl;lj;jpw;F jd;ik clNd KOikahf mHgzpj;j md;id
khpahspd; rPlj;Jtk; ,d;iwa jha;khHfSf;Fk; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; midtUf;FNk xU rthyhd
Kd; khjphp jhd;. cly; eyDf;Fk; kfg;NgW ghf;fpaj;jpw;Fk kw;Wk;; tho;tpy; rpf;fy;
ePq;fTk; kl;Lk; ehk; md;id khpahsplk; ehlhky;> mt;td;id jd; tho;thy; ekf;Fg;
Gfl;Lk; ghlk; KO mHgzKk;> ,iwjpl;ljpw;F Koikahfj; jd;id toq;fpaJk;>
,lgHghLs;s tho;it re;jpf;Fk; kdj;jplKk;> nghWg;GilikANk jhd;. ,iwtid Kd;
epWj;jp mthpd; jpl;lj;jpw;fhfNt tho;ehs; KOtJk; tho Kd;tUtJ ,d;iwa tpRthrpfs;
midtUf;FNk xU rpwe;j ghlkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. cly; eyk; kl;Lky;yhky; flTSf;F cfHe;j
tho;T tho;tijNa Fwpf;Nfhyhff; nfhz;L Md;kPf eydpy; mf;fiu fhl;LtJ xUq;fpize;j
eytho;tpw;F mbj;jyk;. capH nfhLg;gts; jha;. ,e;j capuspf;Fk; gzpapy;
4.5.
vd;
FUj;Jtg; gzptho;itj; njhlq;f jPtpuj; jahhpg;gpy;
,t;Tyfk; fhl;Lk;> ghpe;Jiuf;Fk; topKiwfisAk; vt;thW
Ghpe;J nfhs;tJ?
kf;fSf;F topfhl;lTk;> cld; gazpf;fTk; vt;thW vd;idj;
jahHgLJ;jpapUf;fpNwd;? rthy;fs; epiwe;j ,g;gzp tho;tpy; ,NaRtpd; ew;nra;jpia
vt;thW tho;thf;fTk;> vg;gb mwpf;ifaplTk; ehd; epidf;Fk; Af;jpfs; ahit?
,lHgLNthUf;F ew;nra;jpahf ehd; vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?
vdJ gzptho;tpw;F Cf;fKk;> topelj;JjYk;> topahf;fk;
nra;gifts; ahit?
vdJ gzpapyf;F vd;d?
ey;y ,NaR rig FUthf tho kw;Wk; gzpahw;w ehd; KbT nra;j
NghJ vdf;F xd;W kl;Lk; ed;whfj; njhpAk;. vd;id ,iwtd; miof;fpd;whH vd;gjpy;
ve;jtpj re;NjfKk; vOe;jjpy;iy.
,NaR rigapd; gapw;rpfs; midj;Jk; vd;id
tsHr;rpg;ghijapy;> tpopg;GzHTlDk;> nghWg;Gs;s Rje;jpuj;jpy; vd;id
nkU$l;bapUf;fpd;wJ. gy tha;g;Gfs;> je;ijaHfspd; topfhl;Ljy;> ez;gHfspd;
cld; gazpg;G kw;Wk; midj;jpw;F Nkyhf ,iwaUSk; ,e;jg; gapw;rpf; fhyj;jpy; vd;id
jpirtopahf;fk; nra;J nrJf;fpAs;sd. vd; nrhe;j Kaw;rpfSk;> rpe;jidfSk; vdf;F
njspitAk; jd;dk;gpf;ifia nfhLj;jd. nfhLf;fg;gl;l gapw;rpfs; vdf;F njhiyNehf;Fg;
ghHitiaAk;> gFj;jwpAk; Mw;wiyAk; gzpapyf;ifAk; njspTgLj;jpd.
fhyj;jpd; Njitf;Nfw;g ew;nra;jpapd; gbg;gpidf;fis
gyjug;gl;l kf;fsplk; gfpHtJk;> vy;iyfisf; fle;J Njitapy; ,Ug;NghUf;F
cjtpf;fuk; ePl;lTk;> kw;w rka gz;ghLfNshL ciuahlypy; r%f
tpopg;GzHit kf;fsplk; Vw;gLj;jTk;> jpUtUl;rhjdk; (mUsilahsq;fs;) kw;Wk;
,iwthHj;ijg; gzpfis ek;gpf;iff; FOkq;fspy; Mw;wTk;> gy;NtW epfo;Tfisg;
gw;wpAk;> gz;ghlLg; Nghf;Ffs; gw;wpAk; jpUr;rigapd; epiyg;ghl;il kf;fSf;Fj;
njhpag;gLj;jTk;> cyfkakhf;fy;> etPd kakhf;fy;> EfHNthH gz;ghl;ilAk;
kw;Wk; gy gz;ghl;L rPuopTfis vjpHJg; NghuhlTk; tpopg;GzHT toq;fTk;> kpf Kf;fpakhf
Rw;Wr;#oy; khRglhky; ,Uf;fTk;> ,aw;ifiag; ghJfhg;gJk;> kdpj Nea
rpe;jidfisf; Fwpg;ghf ,isNahhplk; kiwf;fy;tp topahfTk; kiwg;Nghjid
topahfTk;> Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpAk; mwptpf;fTk; kw;Wk; tho;e;J fhl;lTk;
Cf;Ftpf;fTk; Mirg;gLfpNwd;. rkj;Jt rKjhak; ,t;Tyfpy; eilKiwf;F tu
ngz;zbij;jdk;> Foe;ijj; njhopyhsHfs;> rhjpg;ghFghL> nkhop> ,dk;
Nghd;wtifshYk;> NkYk; Vio gzf;fhuH vd;w ghFghLk; ,t;TyfpypUe;J xopa vd;dhy;
Md Kaw;rpfis vLg;Ngd;. Mf nkhj;jk; RUq;fr; nrhy;y Ntz;khdhy; ,t;Tyfpy; ,iwahl;rp
kyu> ,NaR fz;l ,iwahl;rpapd; fdT epiwNtw vd; tho;thYk; gzpahYk; rpe;jidahYk;
KaYNtd;.
,iwahl;rp vd;W ehd; Ghpe;J nfhs;tJ vd;dntd;why;>
vy;NyhUk; ,d;Gw;W ,Ug;gJNt jhd;. ,e;j ,yf;if Nehf;fp efu Njhs; nfhLg;Nghiu
,iwahl;rpapd; J}JtHfs; vd;Ngd;. Gjpa khWgl;l jd;dykw;w rKjhaj;ij cUthf;f Vq;Fk;
midtiuAk; xUq;fpizj;J xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L tho;T vd;w $w;wpw;Nfw;g xw;WikAk; rNfhju
kdNghq;Fk; cwTk; cz;ik tsHr;rpf;fhd khww;j;ijAk>; Gz;gl;l khDlj;jpw;Fj;
Njhy;nfhLf;fTk;> MWjy; toq;fTk; >
Jd;gj;jpy; rpf;fpj;jtpg;Nghiu tpLtpf;fTk; ,NaR gz;ghl;ilAk; ,iwahl;rpiaAk;
,k;kz;zpy; nfhz;Ltu ghLgLtNj ew;nra;jpg; gzpahFk;. cly; eyKk;> RfhjuKk;
mtrpakhd xd;Wjhd;. mNjhL cseyKk;> newpeyKk; Njitahf mikfpd;wJ.
,NaRtpd; gbg;gpiidfis tho;thf;Fk; fpwpj;jtdhf>
,g;gbg;gpidfis gpwUf;Ff; fw;Wj;jUk; ,NaR rig FUthf> Md;kPf topapy;
Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Md;kPf FUthf> topfhl;Lk; ey;yhNyhrfuhf> topg;GzHT Vw;gLj;Jk;
Mrphpauhf mePjpfis xopf;fg;ghLgLk; r%f Nrtfuhf> kf;fSld; gazpf;Fk;
Njhohf> VionaypNahhpd; ez;guhf> epiyg;ghL vLf;Fk; ey;y kdpjuhf kw;Wk;
eyd;tpUk;gpahf ,Ug;gijNa tpUk;GfpNwd;.
4.6.
vdJ tpUJthf;fhf
vd; Kjy; thHj;ijghl;by; tpUJthf;fhf “vy;yhk;
ckf;Nf ,iwth” vd;W $wp (Entirely Yours, Totus
Tuus)
Vo;ik> fw;G kw;Wk; fPo;gbjy; thHj;ijg;ghLfs; topahf 2005 #d; 21Mk; ehs;
vd;id ,NaR rigapy; mHgzpj;jJ epidtpUf;fpd;wJ.
vdJ FUj;Jtg; gzpapd; tpUJthf;fhf “,iwtid
mwpa> md;G nra;a> gzpGhpa” (To know,
to Love and to Serve the Lord , Cognoscere
et amare Dominum eique servire) vd;Dk; czHjiyAk; GhpjiyAk; vdjhf;FfpNwd;.
,iwtid mwpaTk;> Nerpf;fTk;> mtUf;fhf gzpahw;WtJNk fpwpj;jt khDl tho;tpd
Nehf;fkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
mioj;jypy; cWjpAld; ,Uf;f ,iwaUs; Njit. nrg tho;Tk;>
mUs; milahsq;fSk;> jpahdKk;> mf xUq;fpizTk;> Md;kPf topfhl;LjYk;
vdf;Fj; njspitAk; njk;igAk; je;Js;sd.
gf;FtKk;> mDgtKk; Jwtw tho;tpw;F kpfKf;fpak;. mNjhL
gzpapyf;Fk;> kf;fspd; NkYs;s fhpridAk; ek; Jwtw tho;tpw;F jpirAk;>
Njitfis mwpe;J nray;gl Kf;fpaj;JtKk; jUfpd;wJ. ehk; kf;fNshL gzptho;tpy; ,izAk;
NghJ ehk; gbf;fpd;w rka kiwnghUspd; mHj;jKk; gad;ghLk; ek; tho;Tr;#oy; ekf;Ff;
fw;Wf; jUfpd;wd.
4.7.
Kbthf
mUshsH ,uz;lhk; Nahthd; gTYf;F kpfTk; gpbj;khd nrhy;
vJntd;why; mJ “NjhoikNa”.
Jd;gg;gLk; kf;fNshL Njhoikapy; ,Ug;gJ ,d;iwa rthyhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,NaRtpd;
kDTUntLj;jy; Njhoikapd; cr;rfl;lk; vdyhk;.
jd;dykw;w> Nritkdj;NjhL ,iwtid fz;Kd;itj;J nfhLff;g;gLk;
gzpfis ey;y tpjkhfr; nra;Ak; NghJ mq;F epk;kjpAk; kdepiwTk; ,Uf;Fk;. J}a
,Q;Qhrpahhpd; ghijapy; vy;yhk; ,iwtdpd; mjpkpf kfpikf;Nf vd;Wk; gTybahH $WtJ Nghy ehk; “vy;NyhUf;Fk;
vy;yhKkhf” Mfp Njhoikapy; epiwtho;it ekjhf;f
,t;TyfpNyNa mbj;jskpLNthk;. %nthU ,iwtdpd; mUspy; ek;gpf;if itj;J Kaw;rpfspy;
Jtz;L tplhky; njhlHe;J nray;glTk; Ntz;LNthk;. md;id khpahtpd; ghpe;JiuiaAk;>
fpwpj;JTf;Fr; rhd;W gfHe;j midj;Jg; GdpjHfspd; ghpe;JiuAk; ghJfhtYk; ekf;F
,Uf;Fk;.
flTs; ek; gf;fk; ,Uf;f ehk; ahUf;F mQ;rNtz;Lk;.
midtUk; eykhf thol;Lk;!
,iwahl;rp kyul;Lk;.
5.0. Jizepd;w E}y;fs;
Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologia, Raboni Publication, UK,
1985
Beauchamp, Tom.L & Childress,
James. F . Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Oxford University Press, New York, 1983
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